Purpose Corporations operating global value chains must grapple with a multiplicity of ethical and practical considerations, most notably when value chains extend to emerging markets. Such contexts involve interactions with diverse stakeholders who possess the ability to impact supply chain performance, but who also bring conflicting needs, values and interests. The purpose of this paper is to outline a transformative model of supply chain fairness, arguing that adopting plural fairness principles and practices generates a higher fairness equilibrium which includes all affected stakeholders in the production of fairness outcomes, with consequent positive organizational and system level impacts. Design/methodology/approach Through a philosophically informed overview of the literature on organizational fairness, the paper applies fairness to the management of supplier relations to identify the institutional features of ethically sustainable supply chains. The proposed conceptual model uses a complex adaptive systems approach (CADs), supplemented by describing the contribution of fairness norms and practices. Findings This paper argues that a transformative approach to supply chain fairness can suggest new structures for interaction between firms, stakeholders, mediating institutions and governments. Originality/value Emerging market supply chains are facing significant changes. Adopting a complex adaptive systems perspective upon stakeholder relationships, this paper offers insights from the theoretical literature on fairness, and proposes a normative model of supply chain fairness which accounts for both the normative and empirical aspects of relational complexity.

To determine the prevalence of bacterial species in pressure ulcers (PU) in patients with spinal cord injury treated by a Physically Handicapped Association. Method: A descriptive, cross-sectional, quantitative study, conducted in a northeastern city from 2009 to 2010. The sample was consecutive, not probabilistic and comprised 20 individuals with spinal cord injury and PU being treated in the Association and without antibiotic therapy. Samples were collected from exudates of PU, using sterile swabs, plated on Blood Agar plates and incubated at 35°C for 24 hours. For identification of microorganisms were employed biochemical tests. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis. Results: The six microorganisms were: S. aureus, S. epidermidis, S. saprophyticus, Proteus spp., Escherichia coli and Enterobacter spp. Conclusion: Additional prospective microbiological investigations are needed to assess the prevalence of pathogens in patients with PU injured thus instituting, nutritional, therapeutic and educational programs that reduce bacterial colonization and infection. Descriptors: Pressure ulcer, Microbiology, Spinal cord injuries. Objetivo: Determinar a prevalência de espécies bacterianas em úlceras por pressão (UP) de pacientes com lesão raquimedular assistidos por uma associação de deficientes físicos. Método: Estudo descritivo, transversal, quantitativo, conduzido em uma cidade nordestina de 2009 a 2010. A amostra foi consecutiva não probabilística e compreendeu 20 indivíduos com lesão raquimedular e UP, em acompanhamento na associação e sem uso de antibioticoterapia. Coletaram-se amostras de exsudatos das UP, utilizando suabes estéreis, semeadas em ágar sangue e incubadas a 35°C por 24 horas. Para identificação dos microrganismos, foram empregadas provas bioquímicas. Utilizou-se estatística descritiva para análise dos dados. Resultados: Os seis microrganismos encontrados foram: S. aureus, S. epidermides, S. saprophyticus, Proteus spp., Escherichia coli e Enterobacter spp. Conclusão: Investigações microbiológicas prospectivas adicionais são necessárias para avaliar a prevalência dos agentes patogênicos de UP em pacientes lesionados, a fim de instituir programas educacionais, nutricionais e terapêuticos que reduzam a colonização e infecção bacteriana. Descritores: Úlcera por pressão, Microbiologia, Traumatismos da medula espinal. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de especies bacterianas en las úlceras por presión (UPP) en pacientes con lesión medular espinal (LME) tratada por una Asociación de Discapacitados Físicos. Método: Estudio descriptivo-transversal, cuantitativo, realizado en una ciudad del noreste en 2009-2010. La muestra fue no probabilística, secuencial y comprende 20 individuos con LME y UPP y sin tratamiento antibiótico. Se recogieron muestras de exudados de la UPP, utilizando torundas estériles, sembradas en placas de Agar Sangre y se incubaron a 35°C durante 24 horas. Los microorganismos fueron identificados por pruebas bioquímicas. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva para el análisis de da...

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