The aim of this study was to prepare chitosan (CS) filaments incorporated with N-acetyl-D-Glucosamine (GlcNAc), using the wet spinning method, in order to combine the GlcNAc pharmacological properties with the CS biological properties for use as absorbable suture materials. The filaments were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), uniaxial tensile testing, in vitro biodegradation, and through in vitro drug release and cytotoxicity studies. It was observed that the addition of GlcNAc did not alter the morphology of the filaments. The CS and CS/GlcNAc filaments presented diameters 145 µm and 148 µm, respectively, and the surfaces were homogeneous. Although the mechanical resistance of the chitosan filaments decreased with the incorporation of the GlcNAc drug, this property was greater than the mean values indicated in the U.S. Pharmacopeia (1.7 N) for suture number 6-0 (filament diameter of 100–149 μm). The biodegradation of the CS filaments was accelerated by the addition of GlcNAc. After 35 days, the CS/GlcNAc filaments degradability was at its total, and for the CS filaments it was acquired in 49 days. The in vitro kinetic of the release process was of the zero-order and Hopfenberg models, controlled by both diffusion and erosion process. The in vitro cytotoxicity data of the CS and CS/GlcNAc filaments toward L929 cells showed that these filaments are nontoxic to these cells. Thus, the GlcNAc-loaded CS filaments might be promising as absorbable suture materials. In addition, this medical device may be able to enhance healing processes, relieve pain, and minimize infection at the surgery site due the prolonged release of GlcNAc.

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that is considered a worldwide epidemic, and its control is a constant challenge for health systems. Since insulin had its first successful use, scientists have researched to improve the desired effects and reduce side-effects. Over the years, the challenge has been to increase adherence to treatment and improve the quality of life for diabetics by developing an insulin delivery system. This systematic review (SR) analyses experimental articles from 1998 to 2018 related to the development of the chitosan/insulin delivery system (CIDS). Automated support: Start tool was used to perform part of these activities. The search terms “insulin”, “delivery or release system”, and “chitosan” were used to retrieve articles in PubMed, Science Direct, Engineering Village, and HubMed. A total of 55 articles were selected. The overview, phase, model, way of administration, and the efficiency of CIDS were analyzed. According to SR results, most of the articles were published from 2010 onwards, representing 72.7% of the selected papers, and research groups from China publicized 23.6% of the selected articles. According to the SR, 51% of the studies were carried out in vivo and 45% in vitro. Most of the systems were nanoparticle based (54.8%), and oral administration was proposed by 60.0% of the selected articles. Only 36.4% performed loaded capacity and encapsulation efficiency assays, and 24 h (16.4%), 12 h (12.7%), and 6 h (11.0%) were the most frequent insulin release times. Chitosan’s intrinsic characteristics, which include biodegradability, biocompatibility, adhesiveness, the ability to open epithelial tight junctions to allow an increase in the paracellular transport of macromolecular drugs, such as insulin, and the fact that it does not result in allergic reactions in the human body after implantation, injection, topical application or ingestion, have contributed to the increase in research of CIDS over the years. However, the number of studies is still limited and the use of an alternative form of insulin administration is not yet possible. Thus, more studies in this area, aiming for the development of an insulin delivery system that can promote more adherence to the treatment and patient comfort, are required.

No abstract

No abstract

This study aimed to achieve bioactivity on the PEEK surface using piranha solution through a lower functionalization time. For this purpose, the functionalization occurred with piranha solution and 98% sulfuric acid in the proportions of 1:2, 1:1, and 2:1 at periods of 30, 60, and 90 s. The samples treated for longer times at higher concentrations registered the characteristic spectroscopy band associated with sulfonation. Additionally, both chemical treatments allowed the opening of the aromatic ring, increasing the number of functional groups available and making the surface more hydrophilic. The piranha solution treatments with higher concentrations and longer times promoted greater heterogeneity in the surface pores, which affected the roughness of untreated PEEK. Furthermore, the treatments induced calcium deposition on the surface during immersion in SBF fluid. In conclusion, the proposed chemical modifications using sulfuric acid SPEEK 90 and, especially, the piranha solution PEEK-PS 2:1-90, were demonstrated to be promising in promoting the rapid bioactivation of PEEK-based implants.

In this study bionanocomposites were prepared from biodegradable polymer matrices such as poly (lactic acid) (PLA) and PBAT/PLA blend commercially known as Ecovio®, with abundant smectite clays in Paraíba and modified (OMMT) with Praepagen quaternary ammonium salt. Systems with PLA and with the blends of PBAT/PLA were prepared with addition of bentonite clay at a concentration of 3wt.%. in a twin screw corrotational extruder. The systems containing PLA/OMMT and blend of PBAT/PLA/OMMT were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Heat Deflection Temperature (HDT). From the diffractograms of bionanocomposites PLA/OMMT and PBAT/PLA/ OMMT it was observed a probably microcomposite structure. It was also observed that the HDT of PBA/PLA/OMMT and the blend of PBAT/PLA bionanocomposites was lower in relation to pure PLA and its PLA/OMMT bionanocomposite.

Curcumin is a polyphenolic component of Curcuma longa, highlighting in the literature by presenting medicinal properties such as: antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiparasitic, antimalarial and anticancer activities. From this, it has been used together with curcumin, chitosan, a biodegradable polymer of natural origin, in order to encapsulate curcumin from a polymer system. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the morphological behavior of beads and powder chitosan/curcumin, by the Optical Microscopy (OM) technique in the presence of the solvent (methanol). From the pictures, it was noticed that the beads have in their external structure the presence of the drug in a punctual manner, but a more homogeneous internal region. Regarding the powder, it was observed that curcumin was well distributed and involved by chitosan, proving the good interaction between them. In the presence of the solvent, the beads and the powder showed a good distribution of curcumin.

This study aimed to develop meshes from the weaving of mono- and multifilament wet-spun chitosan (CS), for possible biomedical applications. In the wet-spinning process, CS solution (4% w/v) was extruded in a coagulation bath containing 70% sodium hydroxide solution (0.5 M), and 30% methanol was used. The multifilament thread was prepared by twisted of two and three monofilaments. CS threads obtained were characterized by tensile tests and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Moreover, it was verified from the morphological tests that threads preserve the characteristics of the individual filaments and present typical “skin-core” microstructure obtained by wet spinning. CS woven meshes obtained were evaluated by optical microscopy (OM), tensile test, swelling degree, and in vitro enzymatic biodegradation. Mechanical properties, biodegradation rate, and amount of fluid absorbed of CS woven meshes were influenced by thread configuration. Hydrated CS meshes showed a larger elastic zone than the dry state. Therefore, CS woven meshes were obtained with modular properties from thread configuration used in weaving, suggesting potential applications in the biomedical field, like dressings, controlled drug delivery systems, or mechanical support.