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Padrões de dispersão de nutrientes em terra preta Amazônica (TPA) podem dar informações sobre atividades antrópicas dos habitantes da Amazônia. Estudos sobre pH, fósforo disponível (P), matéria orgânica (MO) e os cátions trocáveis, Ca 2+ e Mg 2+ , foram realizados em amostras de solos dos horizontes A 1 e A 2 ao longo de uma área com TPA (norte-sul e lesteoeste) em um sítio arqueológico denominado Ilha de Terra, na Unidade de Conservação Floresta Nacional de Caxiuanã, Município de Melgaço, Brasil. Os resultados indicaram que a MO e o Ca são os que apresentam maior dispersão. Correlações mais elevadas foram encontradas entre OM-Ca-Mg às proximidades da área central e levam a inferir que a dispersão geoquímica de MO, Ca, Mg e P em sítios arqueológicos com TPA está relacionada com atividades humanas pregressas.Dispersion of nutrients in Amazonian black earth (ABE) can provide information on human activities of the inhabitants of the Amazon region. Studies on the pH, available phosphorus (P), organic matter (OM) and the exchangeable cations Ca 2 + and Mg 2 + were performed on soil samples from horizons A 1 and A 2 over an area with TPA (north-south and east-west) at a site called Ilha de Terra, located in the Conservation Unit Caxiuanã National Forest, Melgaço County, Brazil. The results indicated that the OM and Ca 2+ are the ones with greater dispersion. Higher correlations were found between OM-Ca-Mg to near the central area. This leads to the inference that the dispersion geochemistry of MO, Ca, Mg and P in archaeological sites with TPA is related to past human activities.Keywords: nutrients, Caxiuanã, soils, Amazonian black earth IntroductionChemical, mineralogical and micromorphological analysis can be used to interpret human activities from material remains in soils. The abandonment of human activities in settlements does not affect chemical residue remains in soils. The potential validity of the chemical analysis of soil to interpret archaeological finds lies in its ability to predict significant features based on (i) the chemical signatures of total concentrations of multielements such as Ba, Ca, P, Zn, Cu and Pb in soils; 1 (ii) the chemical signatures of floor samples in the Maya region; 2,3 (iii) the available nutrients in soils from the Brazilian Amazon basin, 4-8 known by designations such as black earth, Indian black earth, anthropogenic black earth, archaeological black earth, Amazonian black earth (ABE) 9,10 or Amazonian dark earths. 11,12 The area in which ABE occurs is characterized by well-drained soil, running water and located in a particular geographical setting from which the surrounding areas can be clearly observed. 9 ABE is a soil that can be distinguished from other soils from the Brazilian Amazon because of its high content of Ca, Mg, Zn, Mn, P and C due to the incorporation of bones and organic matter (OM). The high level of organic matter in ABE is attributed to the time of human occupation of the site. [10][11][12][13] According to the soil classification system, ABE sites can be foun...
This study aims to determine the atomic ratio of O/C in an archaeological black earth (ABE) profile of the Ilha de Terra site, a region of Caxiuanã in the Pará State, Brazil, to determine the types of pyrogenic carbon (PyC) particles and to infer the source of biomass and burning temperature necessary to produce the PyC. The O/C ratios were monitored using scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS). The results indicated atomic ratios for clay, silt and fine sand fractions that were between those registered for the PyC particles types: condensed combustion (CC) (0.09, 0.1, 0.13), charcoal (0.32, 0.31, 0.34) and char (0.43, 0.45, 0.52). CC is the predominant type of particle found because of the high firing temperature (> 350 °C), which is consistent with the probable biomass sources of wood, cellulose and lignin. ]]>
Resumo: O leite Tipo C com teor de 3% de gordura vem de rebanhos diferentes e sua ordenha é mecânica ou manual, sendo entregue aos laticínios na temperatura ambiente, podendo ser propicio a um elevado teor de bactérias antes da pasteurização, com tudo é um leite com tempo de prateleira muita curta. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar as características nutricionais do leite integral do tipo C, sendo comercializado no município de Vitória da Conquista-BA, comparando os resultados nutricionais de cada leite tipo C, assim como o seu teor de gordura com 3% de acordo com a legislação vigente. Foram analisados 5 tipos de leite Integra do tipo C, quanto à quantidade de gordura, carboidrato, valor energético, sódio, cálcio, o colesterol, fibras alimentares, além dos ingredientes de cada leite integral tipo C.
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