Similar to other studies, our data showed that neonates with AKI have worse outcome. Neonatal AKI defined based on SCr + UOP criteria is a better predictor of death than neonatal AKI defined based only on the SCr or UOP criteria. Also, by using SCr + UOP criteria for diagnosing neonatal AKI, more patients with AKI are recruited than when only one of those criteria is used.

Kawasaki disease is the second most common vasculitis of childhood, so it should be included in the differential diagnosis for any child with a prolonged unexplained fever. Atypical Kawasaki disease should be taken into consideration in cases when not all clinical criteria are present but coronary abnormalities are documented.

Introduction. Hairy polyp is a rare malformation which consists of mesodermal and ectodermal elements. It is the most common congenital nasopharyngeal tumour. The clinical symptoms depend on the size and localization of the mass. Early surgical excision results in permanent cure. Case report. The child was born from regularly controlled pregnancy. Prenatally, in the 24th week of gestation, epulis gigantocellularis was suspected, magnetic resonance imaging confirmed existence of protruding mass. Immediately after the birth, a tissue formation connected with the hard palate was observed protruding out of the mouth, as well as split of soft palate and tongue. In the first day of life the child was intubated and a mechanical ventilatory support started. In the fourth day of life, tracheostomy was performed. In the 40th day of life, the tumor mass was entirely excised with the reconstruction of the existing deformity of the mouth. The histopathological analysis confirmed the diagnosis of hairy polyp. In the fifth month of life, a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy was placed. At the beginning of the second age, the split of tongue and soft palate was sewn. With the establishment of normal swallowing, decannulation and closing of tracheostomy were performed and then gastrostomy was closed. Conclusion. Although the hairy polyp is a rare tumor, it must be included in the differential diagnosis of pharyngeal mass in the neonatal period. If there are no associated anomalies and if complete surgical resection of the tumor is performed, further course of the treatment will be favourable.

Short natural diet, early introduction of supplementation and choice of milk could be determining factors in the development and manifestation of anemia.

introduction/objective Sudden death in children may occur as a result of many diseases and accidents, while the cause often remains unknown. There are different terms in the literature that represent the causes of sudden death in children. The aim of our study was to determine the most common cause of sudden death in children admitted to the Clinic of Pediatrics. Methods The retrospective study was conducted in the period from January 1, 1995 to December 31, 2015 and included 49 patients, aged from 10 days to 17 years, in whom death occurred in the Emergency Department and in the first 48 hours of hospitalization. results In 23 patients (47%) the cause of death was infection, in 10 patients (20%) heart failure, four patients (8%) died due to status epilepticus, the same number of patients (8%) died due to aspiration of a foreign body, while the rest of the patients died due to diabetic ketoacidosis (2%), rickets (2%), carbon monoxide poisoning (2%), hemolytic anemia (2%), suicide by hanging (2%), drowning (2%), sudden infant death syndrome (2%), and sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (2%). Most of the patients in our study were infants (43%). Conclusion Our study shows that infants are at the highest risk of sudden death, while the most frequent causes of death are infections and cardiovascular diseases.

Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn and infant is a rare disease, with still unknown incidence, which usually occurs in term or

Introduction. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a post-viral, life-threatening, inflammatory state with multisystem involvement that typically manifests 3-4 weeks after SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this article, we present the first case of MIS-C in the Institute for Child and Youth Health Care of Vojvodina at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. Case outline. A previously 11-years-old healthy girl got sick two days before admission to the hospital with a fever, headache, vomiting, abdominal pain, and fatigue. She was tested positive for COVID-19 by nasopharyngeal swab PCR with positive IgM and IgG antibodies. In the further course the illness presented with prolonged fever, laboratory evidence of inflammation, multiorgan involvement such as respiratory, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, and dermatologic. Based on Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and World Health Organization criteria the diagnosis of MIS-C was made and IVIG and methylprednisolone were introduced with favorable clinical course. Conclusion. Every prolonged and unusual febrile state, especially if it is accompanied by gastrointestinal symptoms, in a school-age child, should be investigated in the direction of recent COVID-19 infection or exposure. In a case of a positive COVID-19 history or history of exposure, the MIS-C diagnosis should be considered.

Introduction. Pneumomediastinum is defined as the presence of free air in the mediastinum. Primary, idiopathic, spontaneous pneumomediastinum is very rare and it affects healthy children with no identifiable cause. Secondary pneumomediastinum may be caused by underlying respiratory disorders, iatrogenic causes or trauma. The most common clinical sign of pneumomediastinum is subcutaneous emphysema, and the most common symptoms are acute chest pain and dyspnea. The diagnosis is confirmed by a chest X-ray or chest computed tomography. Pneumomediastinum is rarely associated with pneumothorax, pneumoperitoneum, and pneumorrhachis. Case Report. In this report, we present a case of a spontaneous pneumomediastinum in a child aged 2 years and 6 months. A child was admitted to our hospital due to massive subcutaneous emphysema. On admission, the patient was without a history of chest trauma or any chronic respiratory tract diseases. He had a mild upper respiratory tract infection 6 days before admission. The diagnosis of pneumomediastinum was confirmed by chest X-ray and computed tomography. After conservative treatment, on the eighth day of hospitalization, there was a complete regression of the pneumomediastinum with normalization of the clinical and radiological findings. Conclusion. Spontaneous pneumomediastinum is the most common benign condition that spontaneously regresses after conservative treatment. Life-threatening complications require surgical decompression. The use of antibiotic therapy in the prophylaxis of mediastinitis has not been proven to be useful. Opinions on the routine use of chest computed tomography in patients with spontaneous pneumomediastinum are still not uniform.