High level of hetero-destruction in crime was proven in the study. Criminal acts and violations were committed by the persons without psychopathology, as well as by the persons with mental diseases, which rendered a forensic responsibility and analysis of such an influence on behavior.
Suicide of soldiers has its own specifics, because not only it represents the tragedy for the individuals and their family, but also has great psychological effect on social environment and military unit in which it occurs. Suicide can be caused by variety of factors, as reported in the literature. The case reviewed in this article presents multilateral determination of suicide, with particular stress on the character of each individual and social interaction of soldiers. Psychological complex of basic inferiority, low educational level, family problems, and poor integration into military unit could be considered the leading determinants of this suicide. This emphasizes the importance of certain preventive measures such as more rigorous psychological selection for specific military duty, and the education of non-commissioned officers for better recognition and understanding of pre-suicidal syndrome.
Psychological defence mechanisms represent relatively stable aspect of personality, while character and frequency of defence mechanisms which a person uses, points to the character structure of personality. Measuring psychological defence mechanisms is very difficult and very unreliable, so that only several instruments have been developed for the estimation of such characteristics. The most notable instrument of this kind in the world is DSQ-40 (Defense Style Questionnaire), which has lately been more often used in our country. As DSQ-40 is still not widely known in our environment, the aim of this study was to represent the onset and the development of this test, its basic characteristics and empirical norms acquired on our population. Examination included two examined groups in military population of male sex only: soldiers of adolescent age (n = 400) and officers of the adult age (n = 165). Statistical analysis and the comparison of the results with corresponding standards obtained in foreign researches showed that defence style and structure of psychological defence mechanisms were connected with socio-demographic and cultural characteristics of examinees. It was concluded that norms of the test DSQ-40 must be adjusted to the concrete population, which hasn't diminished its practical values and employment in diagnostic and selection purposes.
Findings from numerous studies pointed out the importance of studying certain forms of behavior and personality traits in order to understand propensity to commit unsafe maneuvers in traffic. The present study aims at evaluating the potential contribution of impulsiveness and aggressive driving in the prediction of traffic accidents, and at investigating relationship among them. Besides, the second main goal is to compare the levels of impulsiveness and aggressiveness among three considered groups: bus drivers, truck drivers and non-professional drivers. Participants were 305 drivers who completed the BIS-11 (Barrat Impulsiveness Scale) and ADBQ (Aggressive Driving Behavior Questionnaire). Research sample comprised of 202 professional drivers (bus drivers and truck drivers), and 103 non-professional drivers. The results showed a statistically significant relationship between impulsiveness correlates and correlates of aggressive driving behavior. Bus drivers and truck drivers showed higher levels of impulsiveness in comparison to non-professional drivers, while the highest level of aggression is recorded among non-professional drivers, followed by truck drivers and bus drivers. Finally, the results of hierarchical regression analysis showed that impulsiveness as a personality trait, as well as aggressive driving, are good predictors of traffic accidents.
Психофизиолошке основе безбедности у радном окружењу Апстракт: У раду су представљене теоријске основе безбедности људи у радном окружењу посматране са психофизиолошког аспекта, кроз карактеристике и утицај психичких процеса, особина и стања на безбедност индивидуе током рада. Имајући у виду да је сваки човек различит и да представља својствену и јединствену индивидуу која је структурирана на посебан и специфичан начин, познавање људских психофизиолошких карактеристика представља пресудни фактор за професионалну безбедност. Наиме, особине радника као што су индивидуалне способности, карактерне црте личности, воља, емоције, знање, вештине, темперамент итд. утичу на њихове поступке током процеса рада, правећи разлику у њиховом понашању и исходу радног процеса с аспекта безбедности. Кроз проучавање човекових психофизиолошких особина, тј. његових психичких особина, процеса и личности, могуће је у одређеној мери утицати на побољшање параметара безбедности на радном месту и ефикасног функционисања система "човек-производно окружење".
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