The aim of the research was to determine, based on a systematic review of published studies that dealt with barriers to physical activity in adolescents, which are the most common barriers that stop adolescents from engaging in physical activity. Within the research original scientific studies are included, the ones that had male and female adolescents as a sample of respondents, studies related to the analysis of barriers that occur in adolescents, in which assessments were made on the basis of a questionnaire related to barriers. The research included studies from January 1, 2003 to July 2020. The final analysis, based on the set criteria, included 11 studies that were processed and presented. Most studies have shown that more internal barriers than external ones occur in girls comparing to boys, while external barriers are more common causes of not engaging in physical activity in boys. The three most common barriers among boys were: lack of company, lack of time and school obligations. Among girls, the most commonly reported barrier was "I'd rather do some other activities" and reporting a lack of time. The significance of this research is that it provides information on barriers in respondents who are adolescents, ie the reasons why their physical activity is reduced or they do not engage in physical activity at all. The significance of this research is that it provides information on barriers in respondents who are adolescents, ie the reasons why their physical activity is reduced or they do not engage in physical activity at all.
Plyometric training involves the use of exercises in which the actual muscles after eccentric contraction become concentric. The aim of this narrative review was to determine the significance and role of plyometric training in basketball, ie this review aimed to determine the influence of plyometric training on the explosive power, sprint, and the change of direction speed of basketball players. The results of this review indicate that plyometric training is an effective method that has a positive effect on short-term maximum performance in basketball. However, some studies have indicated that the effect may be absent on sprint and change of direction speed in basketball players. The general factors of application of plyometric training are age, warm-up, exercises, performance technique, equipment, and surface. The effects of plyometric training can vary depending on factors such as athlete's level, gender, sports activity, duration, type of plyometric training. Therefore, further original studies are needed, in order to further clarify the effect of plyometric training on short-term maximum performance, especially on sprint and change of direction speed of basketball players.
(1) Background: Sports games are one of the best ways of engaging in physical activity for individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID) and Down syndrome (DS). This systematic review of the current literature aims to identify and sum relevant data on motor skills and clarify whether there are positive effects of sports programs in motor skills games in children, adolescents, and youth with ID and DS. (2) Methods: The systematic review of the papers was carried out following the methodological guidelines and by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) consensus. The following electronic databases were researched: PubMed, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and ERIC from 2001 to 2023. (3) Results: The basketball test battery can be used to improve and monitor basketball training. Basketball players with lower levels of ID achieved better results, especially those with disabilities of the II and III degrees. Futsal has a positive impact on the coordination, and the differences between the test results of the vertical jump with and without an arm swing, that can be seen indirectly as a coordination factor, were statistically significant. (4) Conclusions: Basketball is recommended as an effective and practical rehabilitation program for children, adolescents, and youth with ID and DS. Futsal is an interesting and helpful activity for individuals with ID as well.
Regular physical activity can bring significant health benefits to people of all ages, and the need for physical activity does not decrease with age, but it has been proven that it can prolong a healthier and more independent life, prevent disability and significantly contribute to improving the lives of the elderly. In addition to the fact that each type of physical activity to a certain extent improves motor skills (strength, coordination, balance, agility, ...), mental health (self-esteem, quality of life) and reduces the risk of cardiovascular and all other causes of death, regular participation in exercise promotes mobility and functional independence in adults. A fall is an event in which a participant without their own intention comes to a lying position on the ground or at a lower level. Regardless of the health status of the individual, falls are associated with insufficient movement, reduced opportunities to perform daily activities (dressing, bathing, housework, ...) and the risk of being admitted to institutions where the care of dependent persons is taken. Arthritis, depression, cognitive impairment, vision, problems with balance and unbalanced gait, decreased muscle mass, as well as excessive use of medication increase the risk of falling. The total volume and type of physical activity needed by the elderly is not very well defined. However, it can be concluded that the combination of physical activity (strength training, endurance training, exercises for the development of balance and mobility, ...) and adequate nutrition (sufficient intake of essential amino acids/protein sources) is of crucial importance for preserving physical condition, motor skills and the health status of persons of the third age, and thus also in the prevention of falls. The aim of this study is to describe and find the best training programs for the prevention of falls in the elderly.
The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of skipping rope training on resting heart rate and cardio-respiratory endurance among soccer players. A total of forty male soccer players (age 19 – 24 years) were selected from Manipur University, Imphal, Manipur (India) who participated in the national-level competition. The subjects were randomly assigned into two equal groups, the experimental group (n=20) and the control group (n=20). The groups were measured before the intervention with resting heart rate and cardio-respiratory endurance to find out the overall significant effect among soccer players. After the initial test, the subjects of the experimental group participated in a supervised skipping rope training program, where no special exercise was administered to the control group. Skipping rope training programs were carried out for a period of six weeks, five days of training (Monday to Friday), and 60 minutes for each session. The experimental group showed improved scores in resting heart rate and cardio-respiratory endurance compared to the control group (p<0.05). The mean of the resting heart rate for the pre-test and post-test of the experimental group were 58.60 and 56.45 respectively. The values of the cardio-respiratory endurance were 72.41 and 80.47 respectively. The significant improvement in skipping rope training of the experimental group might be due to the six weeks of the soccer players. Skipping rope trainprogramsgram significantly improved physiological variables such as resting heart rate and motor fitness variables such as cardio-respiratory endurance of the male soccer players. Keywords: Skipping rope training, Resting heart rate, Cardio-respiratory endurance, Soccer players
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