Precast concrete slabs connected to the steel beams by headed shear studs arranged in groups may be used in high-rise office buildings to speed up construction process and improve quality by increasing the grade of industrialization. The paper presents experimental research performed on push-out tests at the Faculty of Civil Engineering University in Belgrade. The main goal has been to investigate possible reductions (if any) of shear stiffness and strength of five group arrangements consisting always of four headed shear studs, the shank diameter 16 mm and 100 mm height. A shape of group arrangement and its orientation to the applied load, and distance between the studs were variables considered. Intention was to have as small as possible holes in precast concrete slabs so the distance between studs was lower than minimum required in Eurocode 4 [1]. Comparison is made with results obtained on specimen with uniformly distributed shear studs, according to requirements of the standard arrangement [1]. Material characteristics were obtained and push-out tests were preformed in procedures that fully comply with Eurocode 4.Experimental results were evaluated according to the design models in Eurocode 4 and available literature, Okada-Yoda-Lebet [2]. Recommendations for use of the group arrangements were proposed.
Construction industry is constantly facing new demands towards fast construction and smallest possibly quantity of work at the construction site. These increasing demands, in the field of composite construction of buildings and bridges, resulted in development of different types of prefabricated composite decks during decades and group arrangement of different types of shear connectors. Positioning of shear connectors into envisaged openings of prefabricated composite decks contributes to smaller quantity of concrete needed to infill openings of prefabricated composite decks. Composite action between steel profile and concrete decks can be achieved using X-HVB shear connectors with powder-actuated fasteners. Anchorage mechanisms developed between steel profile and fasteners during installation process of powder-actuated fasteners are resulting in composite action between steel and concrete. Relatively simple and fast installation process, without requirements for additional equipment and electrical power on the site is characteristic for this type of shear connectors. Experimental investigation of X-HVB shear connectors in prefabricated composite decks through standard push-out tests, according to EN 1994-1-1 is presented in this paper. Shear connectors are positioned at the envisaged openings of prefabricated composite decks at the minimal longitudinal and transversal distances, recommended by the manufacturer. Two different orientations of shear connectors, forward and backwards to shear force direction are experimentally investigated and presented in this paper. Experimentally obtained characteristic shear resistance are compared with recommendations given by manufacturer. Characteristic slip at failure obtained from experimental investigation is compared with requirements given in EN 1994-1-1 in order to determine if this type of shear connector is considered as ductile. Eight specimens in two series are experimentally investigated through standard push-out test. Different characteristic shear resistance and different failure modes are obtained for forward and backward orientation of shear connectors. Experimentally obtained results from standard push-out tests for different orientations of shear connectors are compared with results obtained from extensive numerical analysis performed in Abaqus.
In keeping with current demands for sustainable development in all segments of the industry, numerous research in the field of steel-concrete composite structures has been focused on developing demountable shear connectors. In the past years, various demountable shear connectors have been suggested, with various mechanisms for transferring shear force between a steel profile and a concrete or composite slab. In this paper, a state of the art on the topic is given, and experimental and numerical research results of push-out and beam tests are summarized.
Multi-storey car park buildings with steel-concrete composite floor structures are widespread in construction due to the distinct benefits of the implemented structural system. Although there are various possibilities for accomplishing composite action between a steel beam and concrete slab, some solutions as friction-grip bolts commonly applied in the 1970s, did not show good durability. An example is the multi-storey car park building "Obilićev venac" in Belgrade. The case study presents two methods for life extension of the car park building structure. Both approaches focus on applying welded headed studs with the primary intention to provide a durable shear connection. While the first method has been applied during the structure reconstruction, the second method is proposed as the novel solution for implementation in steel-concrete composite floors. The application of the proposed connection is discussed and results of the conducted experimental and numerical research are presented.
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