Background Injuries, the cause of an estimated 4.5 million deaths annually and many more disabilities worldwide each year, are the predictable outcome of particular circumstances. One of the most effective ways to prevent injuries is through policy and legislation. The aim of this research study was to identify and critically review all policy and legislation in Nepal that had the potential to prevent injuries. Methods We identified legislation and policy that met inclusion criteria through a stakeholder meeting, networks and contacts, and websites and electronic resources. Each included document was critically reviewed to identify areas of strength and opportunities for improvement. We compared the included documents against WHO’s recommendations of known effective interventions. Results Sixty-two documents met the inclusion criteria for this review. Of these, 24 (38.7%) were exclusively related to road injuries, 11 (17.7%) to occupational injuries, 6 (9.7%) to injuries in the home and 5 (8.1%) to injuries at school; 30 (48.4%) documents included text related to the first response to injuries. Of 127 strategic recommendations by WHO that provided an area for policy or legislative focus, 21 (16.5%) were considered adequately met by Nepali policy and legislation, 43 (33.9%) were considered partially met and 63 (49.6%) were not met. Conclusion We drew five conclusions from this critical policy review, which we have related to recommendations as follows: widening the scope of legislation and policy for injury prevention to emphasize injuries occurring at home or school; addressing the causes of injuries and promoting proven preventive measures; greater clarity on both individual and institutional roles and responsibilities; trustworthy data and quality evidence to inform decision-making; and financial investment and capacity-strengthening for injury prevention and first response. The current system of federal governance in Nepal has potential for strengthening injury prevention and first response at the central, provincial and local levels.
Australia (WA) employs a small team to oversee Injury Prevention policy within the Chronic Disease Prevention Directorate. The Injury Prevention team (the Team) contribute to the strategic direction and purchasing of programs for injury prevention. The Team partners with non-government organisations (NGOs) in WA to deliver community-based injury prevention health promotion programs (Programs). Process Four Programs were awarded following an open-tender process in 2013, and ran 1 July 2014-30 June 2019. The conclusion of these contracts allowed for a systematic review of priorities, epidemiology, strengths, gaps and opportunities to improve injury prevention practice in WA. This reviewboth internally and in consultation with the NGOshas sharpened the focus of the Programs to meet the needs of the WA community. Analysis The DoH used a suite of information to conduct the review, including:. Key reports, strategic frameworks, and available research. Service reviews. Consultations with NGOs. Practical knowledge and experience
Human Trafficking has been in debate of development and human rights interventions for past many years. With the changes in social political and economic context the understanding and responses on combating human trafficking has been widening. Yet, the debate has been heavily influenced by human trafficking for sexual slavery and later on labor exploitation followed by organs transplantation. Anti Human trafficking interventions in Nepal is still much influenced by protectionist conception and undermining the global economics and politics related to human trafficking concern. In addition, the interventions are much more focused on boarder control and punishing the petty criminals. The circus of human trafficking, despite of protest, control and protection interventions, have been in existence with flourishing market and effective influence. The paper discusses that, to stop the circus of human trafficking, interventions should go beyond romantic heroism, petty criminal boarder control action and further need to claim accountability of larger actors sitting far behind the curtains.
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