DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PROTOCOL AND REVIEWCochrane methodology regarding assessments of the risk of bias in included studies has been modified and the review authors updated the 'Assessment of risk of bias in included studies' section of the methods to reflect updated methodological considerations. HHS Public Access AbstractBackground-Age-related cataract is a major cause of visual impairment in the elderly. Oxidative stress has been implicated in its formation and progression. Antioxidant vitamin supplementation has been investigated in this context.
A simulation-based biodefense and disaster preparedness curriculum for internal medicine residents, Medical Teacher, 30:6, e145-e151, DOI: 10.1080/01421590802047257To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/01421590802047257 AbstractAims: Disaster and bioterrorism preparedness is poorly integrated into the curricula of internal medicine residency programs. Given that victims may present to a variety of healthcare venues, including primary care practices, inpatient hospital wards, and intensive care units, we developed a curriculum to address this need. Methods: The curriculum consisted of four didactic sessions with supplemental readings covering biologic, chemical, and radiologic agents, as well as public health infrastructure. All 30 internal medicine resident participants also underwent a four hour training seminar at a high fidelity human simulation center. Instruction included the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and participation in simulated scenarios utilizing technologically sophisticated mannequins with monitoring and interactive capability. Sessions were videotaped, reviewed with participants, and followed by self-evaluation and constructive feedback. Results: Compared to a control group of residents who did not undergo training, the participants' level of knowledge was significantly better, with mean objective test scores of 66.8% AE 11.8% SD vs. 50% AE 13.1% SD, p < 0.0001. Although there was a trend toward increasing knowledge with increasing level of training in the control group, this difference was not significant. Subjective preparedness was also significantly better in the intervention group (p < 0.0001). Objective improvements were not maintained after one year. Conclusions: In this pilot study, a disaster-preparedness curriculum including simulation-based training had a positive effect on residents' knowledge base and ability to respond to disaster. However, this effect had diminished after one year, indicating the need for reinforcement at regular intervals.
Background-Aqueous shunts are employed for intraocular pressure (IOP) control in primary and secondary glaucomas that fail medical, laser, and other surgical therapies. Objectives-This review compares aqueous shunts for IOP control and safety. Search strategy-We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, NRR in January 2006, LILACS to February 2004 and reference lists of included trials. Selection criteria-We included all randomized and quasi-randomized trials in which one arm of the study involved shunts.
Background-Diabetic retinopathy is a common complication of diabetes and a leading cause of visual impairment and blindness. Research has established the importance of blood glucose control to prevent development and progression of the ocular complications of diabetes.
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