Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection worldwide, with a high prevalence and high transmissibility. High-risk HPV (hrHPV) infection is the primary cause of cervical cancer. The HPV variants present in the uterine cervix and oral cavity of HIV+ women have not been described. Objective Identify the prevalence of HPV infections in the uterine cervix and oral cavity and HPV16 variants in HIV+ women. Methods A total of 174 HIV+ women attended an HIV+ specialized clinic in Mexico City. Cells were obtained from the oral cavity and cervix to extract DNA. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify the HPV sequence with generic primers. We detected specific HPV types using the INNO-LiPA HPV Genotyping Extra II Kit (INNOGENETICS). The
The most frequently diagnosed histological types of cervical cancer (CC) are squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (ADC). Clinically, the prognosis of both types is controversial. A molecular profile that distinguishes each histological subtype and predicts the prognosis would be of great benefit to CC patients. Methods: The transcriptome of CC patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was analyzed using the DESeq2 package to obtain the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between ADC and SCC. The DEGs were validated on a publicly available Mexican-Mestizo patient transcriptome dataset (GSE56303). The global biological pathways involving the DEGs were obtained using the Webgestalt platform. The associations of the DEGs with Overall Survival (OS) were assessed. Finally, three DEGs were validated by RT-qPCR in an independent cohort of Mexican patients. Results. The molecular profiles of ADC and SCC of the CC patients of the TCGA database and the Mexican-Mestizo cohort (GSE56303) were determined obtaining 1768 and 88 DEGs, respectively. Strikingly, 70 genes were concordant—with similar Log2FoldChange values—in both cohorts. The 70 DEGs were involved in IL-17, JAK/STAT, and Ras signaling. Kaplan-Meier OS analysis from the Mexican-Mestizo cohort showed that higher GABRB2 and TSPAN8 and lower TMEM40 expression were associated with better OS. Similar results were found in an independent Mexican cohort. Conclusions: Molecular differences were detected between the ADC and SCC subtypes; however, further studies are required to define the appropriate prognostic biomarker for each histological type.
Epithelial ovarian cancer is more common in postmenopausal women, with a mean age at diagnosis of 65 years; however, it has been documented that 3% to 17% of epithelial ovarian cancer cases are diagnosed in women younger than 40 years, with an overall survival of up to 90% when diagnosed in early-stage disease. The development of fertility-sparing approaches represents one of the most significant advances in the gynecologic oncology field. These approaches can have satisfactory outcomes on fertility with excellent oncological results in premenopausal women with early-stage epithelial ovarian cancer and the desire to preserve fertility. Because of the low occurrence of this specific population, randomized trials have not been performed. However, several retrospective series suggest that in certain cases, fertility-sparing surgery is safe, with low rates of recurrence and favorable reproductive outcomes in accordance to the new techniques in reproductive biology; therefore, fertility-sparing approaches must be discussed with young female patients with epithelial ovarian cancer or in patients that desire to preserve fertility or to maintain ovarian function and to improve quality of life in this particular group of individuals. In this review, we present the published evidence, including oncologic and reproductive results, as well as fertility-sparing surgical options, in the field in the last 10 years.
Prophylactic mastectomy (PM) is performed to reduce the risk of breast cancer in women at high risk. Contralateral mastectomy does not improve survival, but is done for local control, reducing risk and giving symmetry. We present a case of a 39-year-old woman with right breast cancer, who underwent a prophylactic mastectomy of the left breast with immediate reconstruction and a pathology result of a hidden invasive ductal carcinoma.
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