The article deals with experimental investigation of water cavitation in the convergent-divergent nozzle of rectangular cross-section. In practice, a quick and simple determination of cavitation is essential, especially if it is basic cavitation or cavitation generated additionally by the air being sucked. Air influences the formation, development and size of the cavity area in hydraulic elements. Removal or reduction of the cavity area is possible by structural changes of the element. In case of the cavitation with the suction air, it is necessary to find the source of the air and seal it. The pressure gradient, the flow, the oxygen content in the tank, and hence the air dissolved in the water, the air flow rate, the noise intensity and the vibration velocity on the nozzle wall were measured on laboratory equipment. From the selected measurements the frequency spectrum of the variation of the water flow of the cavity with cavitation without air saturation and with air saturation was compared and evaluated.
Cavitation is undesirable phenomenon occurring mainly in the flow of water in pumps and turbines, and therefore it is necessary to pay attention to it. The purpose is to explore the possibility of the mathematical modelling of the cavitation using Singhal cavitation model, which solves the multiphase flow of water and vapour. The issue can be solved taking into account the non-condensable gas (air). Singhal cavitation model was selected on the basis of good experience in the modelling of dynamic cavitation changes in the Laval nozzle [2], [10]. This article presents two alternatives. The first variant is testing a mathematical model for flow in a simple geometry of the cone. The second variant resolves the formation of cavitation rope behind vortex generator and the results are compared with experiment.
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