Energy harvesting has been developed as an effective technology for communication systems in order to extend the lifetime of these systems. In this work, we consider a singleuser energy harvesting wireless communication system, in which arrival data and harvested energy curves are modeled as continuous functions. For the single-user model, our first goal is to find an offline algorithm, which maximizes the amount of data which is transmitted to the receiver node by a given deadline. If more than one scheme exists that transmits the maximum data, we choose the one with minimum utilized energy at the transmitter node. Next, we propose an online algorithm for this system. We also consider a multi-hop energy harvesting wireless communication system in a full-duplex mode and find the optimal offline algorithm to maximize the throughput.From (47) and (50), we have p * rd,Bsr (t 0 ) < p * rd,B * sr,s (t 0 ) which is a contradiction. Hence, proof is complete.Corollary 2. Theorem V.1 can be extended to n relays: Tx transmits maximum amount of data by proposed algorithm in Section IV, the first relay sends maximum amount of data to the second relay by the same algorithm and this procedure repeats until the Rx.An example: Assume that harvested energy curves in Tx and the relay nodes are E s (t) = e t − 1, E r (t) = 2e t − 2, respectively and r sr (p) = r rd (p) = 1 2 log(1 + p) in which
The increased demand in energy and the need for sustainable and renewable sources of electricity in hazardous environments with significantly growing population yields the installation of more wind turbines in these areas. In addition, the technological development in material and construction methods has led to the building of taller and more flexible turbines, with inherent low structural damping. Installing modern wind turbines in offshore harsh environments or seismic prone areas can cause an increment in the probability of failure due to excessive vibrations. The current study evaluates the performance of onshore and offshore wind turbines under multihazard loads, including wind, wave, earthquake, and mass and aerodynamic imbalances for both parked and operating conditions. The Lagrangian approach is employed to model the wind turbine considering the blade/tower coupling. In order to lessen the vibrations induced by multihazard loads, external smart dampers are used and a novel energy-based probabilistic approach is employed to tune the semiactive controllers. The results show the effectiveness of employing an analytical approach for the design of semiactive controllers in vibration mitigation of a wind turbine subjected to multiple hazards.
Hydrocarbon contamination is among the most challenging problems in soil remediation. Electrokinetic method can be a promising method to remediate hydrocarbon-contaminated soils. Electrokinetic method consists of different transport phenomena including electro-migration, electrophoresis, and electroosmotic flow. Electroosmotic flow is the main transport phenomenon for hydrocarbon removal in soil porous media. However, the main component of hydrocarbons is the hydrophobic organic which indicates low water solubility; therefore, it makes the electroosmotic flow less effective. The objective of the present study is to enhance electrokinetic remediation of diesel-contaminated silty sand by increasing the solubility of the hydrocarbons in the soil and then increase the efficiency. For this purpose, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was used as a catholyte. In this content, SDS 0.05 M was used as catholyte and Na2SO4 0.1 M was used as an anolyte. Low (1 V/cm) and high (2 V/cm) voltage gradients were used in periodic and continuous forms. The best removal efficiency was observed for high voltage gradient (2 V/cm) in a periodic form, which was 63.86. This result showed that a combination of periodic voltage application in addition to the employment of SDS is an effective method for hydrocarbon removal from low permeable sand.
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