Introduction: Drug addiction is associated with complications such as mortality, monetary burden, and various socioeconomic problems at the individual to the community level. Methadone and Tincture of Opium (TOP) are the most commonly used drugs to help addicts maintain their drug withdrawal process and eventually permanent withdrawal. Desirable clinical experiences have been reported in the use of these two agents in the management of opioid withdrawal. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of methadone and TOP using Khomree method for detoxification of drug abuse.
Materials and Methods: This study was a randomized double-blind clinical trial among opium addicts (at least one year of use) referred to Arak University of Medical Sciences. Seventy subjects were enrolled in the study according to inclusion and exclusion criteria and then randomly divided into two groups (n = 35, treated with methadone) and group 2 (n = 35, treated with TOP). Furthermore, patients were evaluated for withdrawal symptoms on days 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28 after treatment. Finally, the results were analyzed using SPSS 18 software.
Results: Severity of sweating (group 1: P = 0.0001, group 2: P =0. 005), runny nose (P = 0.001), lacrimation (P = 0.001), chord reflex (P = 001.0), fecal excretion (group 1: P = 0.001, group 2: P = 0.01, muscle twitches (P = 0.001), drooling (P = 0.001) warming sensation (P = 0.0001) and substance seeking (group 1: P = 0.0001, P = 0.008) in both groups were significantly improved during 28 days of treatment.
Conclusion: Methadone and TOP detoxification are both effective in opioid withdrawal syndrome and the effect of methadone and TOP in opiate withdrawal are not preferable. However, further studies are recommended.
Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in women, affecting many women worldwide every year. Breast cancer screening is one of the best strategies to reduce the death rate caused by this cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence, epidemiology and screening results of breast cancer in women in Guilan province. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 300 women who participated in the screening program in Guilan province during 2017-2018. The data were collected by a breast screening questionnaire. Finally, the data were analyzed using chi-square and independent t-tests. Results: The mean age of the patients was 49.96 ± 6.53 years old and the estimated prevalence of breast cancer was 1.7% (95% Confidence interval (CI): 0.6-3.6). Physicians examination were significantly associated with breast cancer status (P = 0.003). The results also showed that the percentage of malignancy and benignity in the center (69 patient, 52.3%), west and northwest of Guilan (69 patient, 54.8%) was more than descriptive in East Guilan (20 patient, 47.6%). But it was not statistically significant (P = 0.730). The accuracy of mammography results (BIRADS) and sonography were 69.76% and the kappa coefficient was 0.44 (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Implementation of screening programs in women should be considered and breast screening using mammography is one of the valuable methods for early detection of breast lesions, which is associated with a better prognosis of cancer.
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