Abstract:Energy dissipaters in dams consider as expensive structures; therefore, economic design of these structure are desirable.Stepped spillways can be use as energy dissipater to reduce the size and cost of the stilling basin. Hard experimental works, high-cost and time-consuming laboratory methods brought about some difficulties to determine the most-efficient design of the steps. This research deals with comparing the two-dimensional numerical simulation and experimental description in stepped spillways equipped with inclined steps and end sill together and presents a quick, trustworthy, economical, and numerical approach to designing the steps. In complicated geometries, simulation is more problematic than simulation of flow in horizontal steps, because it needs more precision around the end sills. Finite volume method and the k-ε standard model are proposed to simulate the flow pattern and evaluate the energy loss over stepped spillway. The flow pattern and velocity vectors resulted from numerical simulation is in a good agreement with the experimental results. Also, energy losses resulted from the numerical approach have been compared with laboratory measurements and demonstrate reasonable agreement.
A river's outer bank is the best place to install intake to mitigate the harmful effects of sedimentation. Flow pattern in the intake zone depends on bend geometry, intake location, and intake angle. All previous investigations on a ninety-degree channel bend are limited to studying the flow pattern in non-converged channel bends in the absence of wooden debris. Non-converged channel bends, in natural streams, convert to converged bends due to sedimentation effects. The minimum sedimentation in intake, in forest streams, can be seen in the best intake angle in converged channel bends. The experimental model has been employed to determine the best intake angle and the numerical model is used to investigate on flow regime in intake zone by Fluent. Comparing numerical results with empirical results shows that Fluent has a good capability to model flow in converged bend with intake.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.