Abstract. Mardiani MO, Kusumawati IA, Purnamasari E, Prayogo C, van Noordwijk V, Hairiah K. 2022. Local ecological knowledge of coffee agroforestry farmers on earthworms and their relation to soil quality in East Java (Indonesia). Biodiversitas 23: 3344-3354. Farmers manage their land-based on their understanding of biotic and abiotic factors, including soils, and how these factors affect crop growth and productivity. Their local ecological knowledge (LEK) is built upon intergenerational transfer and can use concepts that don’t directly match those of current science-based ecological knowledge. We explored farmer LEK related to soil organic matter management and earthworms in coffee-based agroforestry systems on volcanic slopes in East Java (Indonesia) by in-depth interviews with key informants and by surveying the concurrence of respondents, stratified by gender and age, with resulting statements. The term used in the local language for earthworms (‘cacing tanah’) included a range of species. According to 22% (n=48) of farmers, small earthworms (probably Pontoscolex corethrurus) are harmful to coffee trees because they eat the roots. Also, 54% (n=48) of farmers thought earthworms that eat soil cause a decrease in soil volume. However, according to the farmers, large earthworms (reddish-brown) can fertilize the soil by leaving their casts on the soil surface. Such worms are often found in coffee agroforestry systems. Farmers have little explicit knowledge of the activities of earthworms and their relation with litter as a source of food. Farmer knowledge of ecosystem services provided by earthworms can enrich current scientific literature and trigger a two-way dialogue.
Abstract. Kusumawati IA, Mardiani MO, Purnamasari E, Batoro J, van Noordwijk M, Hairiah K. 2022. Agrobiodiversity and plant use categories in coffee-based agroforestry in East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 5412-5422. Beyond documenting the ethnobotanical knowledge by managers of complex agroforestry systems, the actual use of such knowledge in adapting to new circumstances and adopting new practices in dynamic farming systems has been described as ecological wisdom. Our study in the Kali Konto catchment of East Java (Indonesia) focused on an inventory of plants that are part of coffee-based agroforestry, their various types of use, and the role they play in the further integration of livestock into the local farming system. The 48 respondents mentioned, on average, 105 combinations of plant species and use categories for their coffee agroforestry plots. Across nine use categories (food, with spices and food wrapping as subcategories, animal fodder, medicine, construction, hedge/ornamentals, handicrafts, ritual uses), a total of 83 plant species (in 36 botanical plant families) were mentioned, with on average 2.18 reported uses per species. A small majority (56%) of the plant species was actively managed (and often planted); the rest were spontaneously established species.
Abstract. Kusumawati IA, Mardiani MO, Purnamasari E, Batoro J, van Noordwijk M, Hairiah K. 2022. Agrobiodiversity and plant use categories in coffee-based agroforestry in East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 5412-5422. Beyond documenting the ethnobotanical knowledge by managers of complex agroforestry systems, the actual use of such knowledge in adapting to new circumstances and adopting new practices in dynamic farming systems has been described as ecological wisdom. Our study in the Kali Konto catchment of East Java (Indonesia) focused on an inventory of plants that are part of coffee-based agroforestry, their various types of use, and the role they play in the further integration of livestock into the local farming system. The 48 respondents mentioned, on average, 105 combinations of plant species and use categories for their coffee agroforestry plots. Across nine use categories (food, with spices and food wrapping as subcategories, animal fodder, medicine, construction, hedge/ornamentals, handicrafts, ritual uses), a total of 83 plant species (in 36 botanical plant families) were mentioned, with on average 2.18 reported uses per species. A small majority (56%) of the plant species was actively managed (and often planted); the rest were spontaneously established species.
Sejak 2016 Universitas Brawijaya memperoleh mandat dari Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup Kehutanan Republik Indonesia untuk mengelola kawasan hutan dengan tujuan khusus menjadi Hutan Pendidikan dan Pelatihan bernama UB Forest. Kawasan UB Forest (541 ha) awalnya berupa kawasan produksi dengan tanaman utama pinus, mahoni dan suren. Dalam perkembangannya, sekitar 70% dari luasan UB Forest telah bergeser menjadi lahan agroforestri (AF) berbasis kopi. Petani kopi di UB Forest menghadapi 2 masalah utama yaitu (1) penurunan kesuburan tanah akibat manajemen lahan yang tidak tepat dan (2) produksi kopi yang rendah (100-400 kg/ha) akibat tutupan kanopi pinus yang rapat sehingga cahaya matahari yang diterima tanaman kopi menjadi rendah. Oleh karena itu, civitas akademik UB melakukan penelitian bersama tentang “Perbaikan Manajemen Cahaya dan Ketersediaan Hara untuk pohon Kopi di UB Forest” yang hasilnya disampaikan kepada petani melalui kegiatan pengabdian masayarakat (PKM). Tujuan PKM antara lain: (1) Transfer ilmu pengetahuan tentang pengaturan cahaya dengan memangkas cabang pohon kopi dan penaungnya; (2) Membangun semangat dan memotivasi kelompok tani hutan (KTH) untuk mengelola lahan AF kopi; (3) Mengajak KTH untuk meningkatkan kesuburan tanah dan produksi kopi sekaligus menjaga lingkungan UB Forest; (4) Mendapatkan umpan balik dari petani kopi tentang hasil penelitian sebelumnya dan menggali informasi penelitian yang dibutuhkan petani untuk masa yang akan datang. Hasil kegiatan pendampingan menunjukkan peningkatan pengetahuan dan peran aktif petani dalam: (1) pengelolaan pohon penaung sebagai upaya optimalisasi intensitas cahaya untuk tanaman kopi, dan (2) perbaikan manajemen pemupukan melalui pengolahan residu panen kopi menjadi pupuk organik, dan aplikasinya untuk mengurangi penggunaan pupuk anorganik.
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