Real graphs of electric energy consumption by the mining enterprises of the Kryvyi Rih Iron Ore Basin are analyzed. Uneven consumption levels of this type of energy during the day are confirmed in the article. Significant difference in payment for the energy consumed by the enterprises during a day and at daytime necessitates optimizing electricity consumption at daytime. To date, the possibilities of the enterprises to "equalize" the schedules of electric energy consumption by organizational methods are practically exhausted. The direction of implementing this process is substantiated by using power from additional energy sources in the structure of the power supply systems of iron ore enterprises. It has been established that one of the most significant losses in the consumption of electric energy is the process of pumping water from the underground mines. Water drainage consuming electrical energy in the "peak" and "half-peak" hours makes up to 90% for the individual mines. Hence, hydro-accumulating power stations are proposed to be used as an option for equalizing the schedule of electric power consumption. The analytical review of the usage of the prospective hydro accumulators and high-pressure generators in mining drainage systems, as well as organizational measures to reduce energy consumption and payment for electricity are represented. This system is optimal and can be suggested as one of the ways of energy supply system improvement for the iron ore mines such as "Oktyabrska", "Rodina", "Ternivska", "Hvardiyska" PJSC "Kyvyi Rih Iron Ore Combine". Thus, synchronous generators were implemented as a part of the energy systems for the mentioned iron ore mines. Besides,economy effect formula for using this equipment was determined, as well as an improved schedule of water pumping operation was suggested. Another way for costs optimization is to use synchronous generators as a part of ready-to-use hydrogenerators that were designed for a small electricity plants.
Работа посвящена разработке методики расчета статических характеристик асинхронного электропривода при использовании методов теории обобщенного электромеханического преобразователя. Упрощение модели асинхронного двигателя на основе теории обобщенного электромеханического преобразователя достигнуто путем снижения порядка системы дифференциальных уравнений за счет использования первого закона Кирхгофа. Получено аналитическое решение упрощенной системы уравнений асинхронного двигателя для установившегося режима работы. При решении поставленных задачи использовались общие методы физики, теоретической электротехники, математического анализа и вычислительной математики. Численное решение уравнений математической модели и визуализация полученных результатов выполнено в среде MATLAB®/Simulink. Рассмотрена обобщенная математическая модель асинхронного двигателя с произвольным числом обмоток статора и ротора в фазных координатах, для упрощения системы уравнений асинхронного двигателя предложено уменьшить ее порядок при использовании первого закона Кирхгофа. Для упрощенной системы уравнений асинхронного двигателя в фазных координатах получено аналитическое решение в установившемся режиме. Приведены результаты расчетов статических характеристик асинхронного двигателя, выполнен сравнительной расчет созданной методики расчета статических характеристик с существующими методиками, который подтверждает ее работоспособность. Упрощение системы уравнений асинхронного двигателя с использованием первого закона Кирхгофа позволяет получить аналитическое решение уравнений асинхронного двигателя в установившемся режиме и расширить сферу использования уравнений асинхронного двигателя в фазных координатах. Ключевые слова: асинхронный двигатель, упрощение системы уравнений, аналитическое решение, статические характеристики.
The research deals with analyzing peculiarities of using active rectifiers in frequency controlled electric drives of underground mine hoists. There are developed MATLAB models aimed at comparing two types of control systems – hysteresis-based and the one with pulse-width modulation. The research aims to analyze power modes and parameters of active rectifiers, quality of voltage control, current and power of active rectifiers and to determine ways of improving power indices of electric equipment of hoists as well as provide power compatibility of electric equipment and underground mines’ grids. Main attention is paid to analyzing circuitry of control systems of active rectifiers, parameters of power transformers and reactor equipment at underground mines’ substations, frequency converters and synchronous slow-speed motors. There are also analyzed statistic data on power consumption at underground mines equipped with automated systems of commercial and technical power meters and specific consumption of power. The research results reveal advantages of the pulse-width modulation control system as compared with the hysteresis one by using such indices as speed-performance, quality of control, potential of controlling reactive power and the power factor. Application of the research results will enable determining structures and methods of adjusting control over the active rectifier in the frequency-controlled drive of underground mine hoists.
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