Thyroid carcinogenesis is accompanied by loss of thyroid-specific functions and refractory to radioiodine and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) suppression therapy. Redifferentiating agents have been shown to inhibit tumor growth and improve the response to conventional therapy. Polyphenol phytochemicals (PPs) in fruits and vegetables have been reported to inhibit cancer initiation, promotion, progression and induce redifferentiation in selected types. In this study we examined PPs induce redifferentiation in thyroid cancer cell lines. We investigated the effects of genistein, resveratrol, quercetin, kaempferol, and resorcinol on the F9 embryonal carcinoma cell differentiation model. The thyroid cancer cell lines, TPC-1, FTC-133, NPA, FRO, and ARO, displayed growth inhibition in response to genistein, resveratrol, quercetin. We further demonstrated that genistein decreased the dedifferention marker CD97 in NPA cells and resveratrol decreased CD97 in FTC-133, NPA, FRO cells and quercetin decreased CD97 in all cell lines. We observed increased expression of differentiation marker NIS in FTC-133 cells in response to genistein, and resveratrol but no change in NPA, FRO, ARO cells. Quercetin increased or induced NIS in FTC-133, NPA, FRO cells. These findings suggest that PPs may provide a useful therapeutic intervention in thyroid cancer redifferentiation therapy.
Background/Aim: Emerging evidence suggests that Insulin-like growth factor II mRNA-binding protein 3 (IMP3) promotes tumor progression in several human malignancies. We investigated whether IMP3 expression has clinicopathological and prognostic significance in gallbladder adenocarcinoma (GBAC). Patients and Methods: We examined immunohistochemical IMP3 expression in 204 GBACs and its associations with clinicopathological parameters and patient outcomes. Results: The majority (87.7%) of GBACs exhibited at least focal cytoplasmic and membranous IMP3 immunoreactivity. Tumor-specific IMP3 expression highlighted proper muscle invasion, which was not detected in the corresponding hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides. This finding upgraded pathological tumor stage (pT) from pT1a to pT1b in four well-differentiated GBACs. High IMP3 expression was associated with high histological grade, advanced stage, and lymphatic invasion, as well as worse overall survival. Conclusion: Tumor-specific IMP3 expression in GBAC is helpful in determining the tumor extent, especially in well-differentiated tumors. High IMP3 expression reflects aggressive oncogenic behavior of GBAC. IMP3 expression may be used as a diagnostic and prognostic marker in GBAC.Gallbladder adenocarcinoma (GBAC) accounts for 2.9% of all malignancies in the Republic of Korea and is the sixth most common cause of cancer-related death (1). Due to nonspecific symptoms, the diagnosis of GBAC is often delayed and usually made postoperatively for advancedstage tumors. Despite aggressive treatment, including extensive cholecystectomy and systemic chemotherapy, the prognosis of patients with advanced GBAC remains poor, with 5-year survival rates below 5% (2-5). Conventional clinicopathological parameters, including histological grade, lymph node metastasis, and stage, have significant value in predicting the prognosis of GBAC patients (2). However, prognosis cannot be predicted solely based on conventional prognostic parameters in a subset of GBAC patients. Identification of novel prognostic biomarkers in GBAC would be valuable for the assessment of disease progression risk as well as adequate postoperative treatment in high-risk patients.Insulin-like growth factor II mRNA-binding protein 3 (IMP3), an oncofetal protein, is expressed in the epithelium, muscle, and placenta during the early stages of human embryogenesis (6, 7). IMP3 plays an important role in the migration of cells forming the roof plate of the neural tube 5777
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