Significant advances have been achieved in the study of stem cells over recent years. Stem cell isolation, their plasticity, differentiation and pre-clinical and clinical applications have undergone a significant study. The objective of this paper is to review the advances in stem cell isolation methods. There are many types of stem cells in the article. Isolation and subsequent differentiation of among others: Human adipose-derived stem cells, cancer stem cells, neural stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells. The subject of Endometrial mesenchymal stromal cells, whose isolation methods are relatively new, was also raised. Attention was paid to the development of preclinical studies using Dental Pulp Stem Cells in various diseases such as Parkinson’s disease or Alzheimer’s disease. Progress in research on the use of stem cells in the treatment of heart attacks, burns, bone injuries and the use of neural stem cells in animal models as an attempt to treat multiple sclerosis has been described.Running title: Potential and plasticity of stem cells