The development and improvement of chitin applications have drawn special attention from the global scientific community due to their extraordinary features and abundance. In this study, β-chitin nanofibres were obtained using the ultrasonication treatment method. Then, hydroxyapatite/nanochitin (HAp/NCh) composites were prepared at different maturation times. In this case, mixtures of various amounts of β-chitin nanofibres (1%, 2%, and 5%) were added during the HAp precipitation approach. The prepared HAp/NCh materials were characterised with Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The surface of prepared specimens was observed using scanning electron microscopy. The presence of nanofibres was confirmed by non-invasive backscattering with dynamic light scattering particle size analysis. Moreover, the synergic effect of chitin nanofibres on the mechanical resistance of HAp-based composite was investigated. The sample with 5% of chitin nanofibres exhibited about 10 times higher compression strength than the pure HAp. All these results essentially indicate that the prepared material can be a potential candidate for bone tissue engineering applications and further development.
The main goal of this study was to achieve poreless titanium alloys with nanocrystalline structure. To this end, the influence of Ta, Mg and Zn content on the properties of Ti alloys was investigated. At first, nanocrystalline powders of TixTayMg and TixTayZn, where x = (30 and 40 wt.%) and y = (3 and 5 wt.%), were prepared using the mechanical alloying process at room temperature. Then, hot-pressing at 750 °C under vacuum was applied for 10 s to consolidate powders. The structure, microstructure, chemical composition, mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, wettability and MTT assay have been investigated. Alloys with Mg were allowed to undergo a shorter mechanical alloying process, achieve greater grain refinement after consolidation and improve mechanical properties. In all cases with increasing amounts of additives in titanium, more Ti-β phase was available. Furthermore, with increasing elements content, hot-pressed alloys consisting of Mg tended to have a more hydrophobic surface. According to the MTT test, all new alloys show non-toxic properties. Among all alloys tested in this study, Ti40Ta5Mg had the most interesting properties for biomedical applications, the highest content of Ti-β phase (81.3%), lowest porosity (0.07%), lowest Young modulus (102.1 GPa) and the lowest surface free energy (38.45 mN/m).
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