Estonian sprint runners have not achieved great success in international title competitions. This study was conducted to analyze their performance in 100m race. The aim of this study was to perform a comparative analysis of 100m sprint horizontal velocity dynamics in Estonian top level and world top-level male sprinters. We analyzed: 1) athletesʼ relative running velocity during different phases of the distance; 2) the loss of Estonian sprinters to the world best sprinters during different phases of the distance.The study compared Estonian Athletics Championships (2006) menʼs 100m sprint final results with Berlin World Athletics Championships (2009) menʼs 100m final results. In both competitions, interval times were measured for the following sections of the race: 0-30m, 30-60m, 60-80m and 80-100m. We found out that Estonian sprintersʼ acceleration ability is relatively better than the other physical abilities necessary for achieving good results in 100m. Estonian sprinters loose most to the world best sprinters during the last part of the distance, 80-100m. However, the difference in running velocity of Estonian sprinters compared to the world best runners is approximately the same in all three last sections of the distance (30-60m, 60-80 and 80-100m).
BACKGROUND: Lower limb muscular asymmetry is not well studied and may have a negative impact on performance. OBJECTIVE: To estimate how muscular strength and strength asymmetry affect jumping performance in soccer players. METHODS: Twenty-eight male professional soccer players took part in the study. The countermovement jump (CMJ) without arm swing was used to determine jumping height. Muscle strength was measured concentrically at 60 and 300∘/s. RESULTS: The peak moment of the knee extensors was positively and significantly correlated with the CMJ; r= 0.608 at 300∘/s and r= 0.489 at 60∘/s. The asymmetry of the knee flexors between the stronger and weaker leg was negatively and moderately correlated with the CMJ at 300∘/s (r=-0.396). The regression model (R2= 0.474) showed that an increase of 0.18-Nm/kg in the relative strength of the knee extensors at 300∘/s (by one SD) was related to an increase of 3-cm in the CMJ. Reducing the asymmetry of the knee flexors by 6.8 percentage points (by one SD) was related to a rise of 1.7-cm in the CMJ. CONCLUSIONS: Greater strength in the knee extensors, preferably tested at higher velocity, and reduced asymmetry in the strength of the lower hamstring muscles have a statistically significant effect on the CMJ.
Misjuk, M., Hurt, N., & Rannam, I. (2015). Soccer players training load during Estonian Premium League matches: comparison of high and low ranking teams. J. Hum. Sport Exerc., 9(Proc1), pp.S521-S525. This paper compares training load of a high ranking soccer team with a low ranking team. Two Estonian Premium League soccer teams participated in this study. One team was ranked in the top and the ohter ranked in the bottom of Estonian Premium League Championships. Both teams played against a team ranking in the middle of Estonian Premium League Championships. Study consists of 21 field players: 11 players from the high ranking team (22,3±4,2 yrs; 181,0±6,9 cm; 74,9±8,1 kg) and 10 players from the low ranking team (22,0±4,4 yrs; 183,1±4,7 cm; 78,2±5,5 kg). Match performance data was measured by BioHarness 3 monitors and OmniSense software (Zephyr Technology Corporation). Statistically significant difference between the high and the low ranking team is found for: mechanical intensity, mechanical load, training intensity and training load. No statistically significant difference between the high and the low ranking team is found for: physiological intensity and physiological load. Higher ranking team has lower training load than lower ranking team during a soccer match. This result indicates that it is necessary to improve technical and tactical skills to reduce training load during a soccer matches. Lower training load ensures the stability of tactical and technical skills during the match.
BackgroundThis paper will study factors behind leisure sports activity. Physical inactivity is a cause of cardiovascular diseases; therefore, it is important to know the factors related to sporting activity. The study is conducted on a sample from Estonia, which is a country with very high mortality from cardiovascular diseases. Material/MethodsThe study involved 1184 participants -639 women (aged 45.7 ±12.4 years) and 545 men (aged 45.5 ±12.1 years). The following information was gathered: leisure sports activity, age, sex, marital status, ethnicity, income, education, body mass index (BMI), smoking, alcohol consumption and physical activity at work. Participants were divided into three groups using a leisure sports activity level: 1) inactive; 2) insufficient sporting activity; 3) at least minimal recommended sporting activity. ResultsStatistically significant relationship (p > 0.05) was found between leisure sports activity and ethnicity, education, and income. This relationship is confirmed for men and women. In addition, statistically significant relationship was found between leisure sports activity and age, marital status, smoking, and physical activity at work for men. ConclusionsPolicymakers should pay more attention to people who belong to the risk groups of low physical activity.
The purpose of the study is to investigate the effect of different environmental conditions on the physical activity of preschool children. The experiment took place in Estonian childcare centre during the free playtime. Fifteen children aged 6–7 years from childcare centre participated in the research. Physical activity was measured using pedometers Fitbit Zip™. Results show that in comparison to the usual free play the physical activity of children increased statistically significantly by 83% when background music was played, by 50% when sport equipment was provided and by 101% when both environmental conditions were combined. It was found that compared to the usual free play, children’s activity increased the least when only sport equipment was provided, while children’s activity increased more when background music was played and increased the most when music with sport equipment was combined. Physical activity did not differ when only background music and music with sport equipment were used. It can be summarised that the background music and opportunity to use portable sport equipment increases the physical activity of children during free play. Background music has greater impact on the activity than portable sport equipment. Children’s physical activity can be effectively increased in childcare centre by using simple modifications such as background music and portable sport equipment during free play.
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