I. R o h o z i n PhD, Senior Researcher Department of Theory and Design of Automotive and Special Vehicles*** S. N o v i c h o n o k
There is a need for vehicles to maneuver when there are traffic jams, to overcome narrow streets and various obstacles. This leads to increased requirements for dynamism and maneuverability of vehicles. The authors present the results of the development and research of the steering control of the vehicle, which provides increased maneuverability. Such circumstances significantly affect the increase in maneuverability of wheeled vehicles, including tractors, for which the use of front suspension axles is possible in terms of layout. The use of a front swing axle with electric motor-wheels with separate control will increase the maneuverability of a two-axle vehicle and minimize the steering effort when turning. When solving the task, a mathematical model of the movement of the vehicle on a turn was created. The forces in the contact of the wheels with the road surface were determined, which made it possible to determine the forces and moments of resistance to the rotation of the front axle. Rational laws of control of turning the front axle, providing minimal resistance to the movement of the vehicle, were obtained. A vehicle turning control option is proposed, in which the wheels of the outer and inner sides are alternately braked when the vehicle enters and exits the turn. In addition, it is possible to alternately create a torque difference on the wheels of the outer and inner sides of the front axle. Using the proposed turn control options, it is possible to create a multi-axle vehicle with a rocking axle. The materials of the article on the controllability of vehicles depending on the design of the steering and front axle are of interest to researchers, designers of mobile equipment, graduate students and students of engineering specialties
The part of the chronological range of cropping systems of current interest includes Mini-Till, No-Till and Strip-Till, the latter being now in a state of development and widespread distribution. Through the research into the evolution of agriculture, it has been established that Strip-Till will be replaced by a Mix-Cropp system, its main feature being the dominance of mixed crops. Rot-Mix will replace Mix-Cropp. The former is based on the use of crop rotations of mixed crops. By analyzing modern agricultural production and the trends of its development, it has been established that mixed sowing technologies are already in demand. In particular, it is necessary to develop a system of machines for mixed sowing of soybeans with corn for fodder purposes. As a result of cooperation between the University and JSC 'Elvorti', a prototype of the Vega-8w Profi seeder was manufactured, which implements the possibility of independent sowing of seeds of two crops in one row. The purpose of the work is field testing of a prototype of the Vega-8w Profi seeder when performing mixed sowing of forage crops of corn and soybeans to obtain an increase in the yield and quality of the resulting products, in forage productionprimarily to improve the quality of forage. The tests showed that the total yield of silage mass of soybeans with corn, grown together, is guaranteed to be higher than in the case of separate growing of the crops. The quality of the experimental silage, for a number of indicators, is also higher than that of silage without soybeans, or silage obtained by adding soybeans grown separately. The productivity of cattle in terms of both meat and milk in the case of feeding the animals on the experimental silage also exceeded the control. Today, the work on improving the system of machines and technologies for co-cultivation of soybeans with corn for fodder purposes as the technology of the upcoming farming system Mix-Cropp continues.
Purpose. Experimental methods to estimate the flight range of mineral fertilizer granules, to determine the shape of the fertilizer scattering torch, to compare the results of practical research with theoretical calculations of the flight range. Methods. Full-scale experimental studies of a mock-up sample of a fertilizer spreader. Results. To improve the quality of sieving, a multi-disc device for sifting mineral fertilizers over the field surface is proposed. It is proposed to make the device in the form of independent, functionally independent modules. Each module consists of three independent units: a fertilizer tank with an agitator; horizontal disc dispenser with calibration holes; a horizontal spreader plate. Each of the modules is equipped with its own electric drive, allowing them to be individually adjusted to a specific operating mode. As a result of studies of a prototype dispenser with active forced-batch dosing of bulk mineral fertilizers, its satisfactory performance was obtained. This makes it possible to regulate the dosage of fertilizers on the spreading disc within the specified limits, and the range of spreading the fertilizers through the individual setting of a certain number of rotational speed of the spreading disc. This arrangement does not limit their number and attachment points on the frame, and the working width of the unit will be regulated only by their number and the range of fertilizer spreading by each individual block. Conclusions. The flight range of mineral fertilizer granules depends on the frequency of rotation of the spreading disc, its height above the surface of the field, and the coefficient of windage of the fertilizers. With a change in the location of the spreading disc height from 0.2 to 1 m, at a spreading disc speed of 46.6; 33.3; 50 s-1, the spreading range for granular superphosphate (double) varies from 1.56 to 7.65 m, granular superphosphate from 1.54 to 7.24 m, granular ammonium nitrate from 1.46 to 6 m. The flight ranges of pellets obtained by practical and theoretical methods coincide within the limits of the requirements. The shape of the resulting spreading spot of fertilizer granules allows, in the case of installing several spreading modules in a line, to obtain fertilizer spreading in the form of an elongated ellipse. Keywords: mineral fertilizers, scatter torch, granules, spreading disc, rotation frequency, flight range.
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