Ten polypeptides that stimulated the release of corticotropin from superfused rat pituitary cells and that are structurally related to porcine corticotropin-releasing factor were isolated from porcine hypothalami. The purification was carried out by gel ifitration followed by reversed-phase HPLC using trifluoroacetic acid or heptafluorobutyric acid as the ion-pairing agent in water/acetonitrile solvent systems. The purified peptides were homogeneous by chromatography and by sequence analysis. One major polypeptide was characterized. Its structure is -H-Ser-Glu-Glu-Pro-Pro-fle-Ser-Leu--Asp-Leu-Thr-Phe-His-Leu-Leu-Arg-Glu-Val-Leu-Glu-Met--Ala-Arg-Ala-Glu-Gln-Leu-Aa-Gln-Gln-Ala-His-Ser-Asn-Arg- This 41-amino acid sequence is thought to represent porcine corticotropin-releasing factor. Based on automated gas-phase sequencing of the intact and CNBr-cleaved peptides, amino acid analysis, and carboxypeptidase Y digestion, the other nine polypeptides were found to be structurally similar to this 41-amino acid sequence. Modifications of this structure include deamidation of glutamine at position 26 or 29, oxidation of methionine at positions 21 and/or 38, a blocked N terminus, and deletion of phenylalanine amide at the C terminus. Eight of these nine modified peptides retained significant corticotropin-releasing factor activity as shown by the stimulation of corticotropin release from superfused rat and pig pituitary cells. Some of these peptides may be present in pig hypothalami, while the others could have been produced during the isolation.Vale et al. (1, 2) purified and determined the amino acid sequence of ovine corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and carried out its synthesis (1, 3). This work was followed by the isolation and identification of rat CRF (4, 5), deduction of the structure of human CRF from the cDNA sequence of its gene (6), and characterization of caprine and bovine CRF (7,8). We have reported the isolation and structure of porcine CRF (9). Here we present the purification and structural characterization of several other peptides with CRF activity from extracts of porcine hypothalami. MATERIALS AND METHODSPurification. A total of 470,000 porcine hypothalami were dissected, defatted, and extracted with 2 M acetic acid as reported (10, 11). The extracts were purified by preparative gel filtration on 12). Ten grams of Sephadex fractions 557-656 with Rf = 0.82-0.7 (see figure 1 of ref. 12), from 16,600 hypothalami, was dissolved in 1 liter of buffer A [0.1% trifluoroacetic acid (F3CCOOH) in water] containing 0.2% 2-mercaptoethanol and centrifuged at 17,500 x g for 20 min. The supernatant was pumped onto a 2.5 x 50 cm glass column, packed with SynChroprep RP-P packing material (SynChrom, Linden, IN), and eluted as described (9). This step was repeated 10 times; thus a total of 100 g of material from 166,000 hypothalami was processed.For both the semipreparative and analytical HPLC separations, prepacked Vydac 218TP5 reversed-phase columns were used. In the first three purification steps, the samp...
A polypeptide was isolated from acid extracts of porcine hypothalami on the basis of its high ability to stimulate the release of corticotropin from superfused rat pituitary cells. After an initial separation by gel filtration on Sephadex G-25, further purification was carried out by reversed-phase HPLC. The isolated material was homogeneous chromatographically and by N-terminal sequencing. Based on automated gas-phase sequencing of the intact and CNBrcleaved peptide and on carboxypeptidase Y digestion, the primary structure of this 41-residue polypeptide was determined to be Ser-Glu-Glu-Pro-Pro-Ile-Ser-Leu-Asp-Leu-ThrPhe-His-Leu-Leu-Arg-Glu-Val -Leu-Glu-Met-Ala-Arg-AlaGlu-Gin-Leu-Ala-Gln-Gin-Ala-His-Ser-Asn-Arg-Lys-LeuMet-Glu-Asn-Phe-NH2. Porcine corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) shares a common amino acid sequence (residues 1-39) with rat and human CRF and differs from these only in positions 40 and 41. However, isoleucine was also present at position 40 in porcine CRF, but in a smaller percentage than asparagine. The sequence of porcine CRF shows 83% homology with ovine CRF. Porcine CRF markedly stimulated the release of corticotropin from superfused rat and pig pituitary cells. The biological activity and close structural relationship to CRFs of other species indicate that the peptide isolated represents porcine CRF.The demonstration, in 1955 (1), of the existence of a corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) provided the first experimental evidence in support of the theory of hypothalamic control of the pituitary gland (2) and opened the way for the subsequent discoveries of other hypothalamic regulatory hormones (3-10). However, the structural characterization ofCRF was not achieved until 1981 when Vale and coworkers (11, 12) purified and determined the amino acid sequence of ovine CRF. The synthesis of ovine CRF (11, 13, 14) made possible various physiological, immunohistochemical, and clinical studies. This work was followed by the isolation and identification of rat CRF (15, 16) and deduction of the structure of human CRF from the cDNA sequence (17). Schally and coworkers have described the presence of CRF in porcine hypothalami and its partial purification (18, 19) and in 1981, reported (20) that porcine CRF is a polypeptide of Mr 5000. This paper gives an account of the final stages of the structural characterization of porcine CRF. MATERIALS AND METHODSPurification. A total of 470,000 pig hypothalami were dissected, defatted, and extracted with 2 M acetic acid as reported (4,7). The extracts (lyophilized weight, 3.6 kg) were purified by preparative gel filtration on 20). After gel filtration, CRF activity was eluted in several fractions. CRF activity in retarded fractions has been described (20). This paper reports the characterization of high molecular weight fractions with CRF activity, which emerged near the void volume. Ten-gram amounts of these Sephadex fractions (nos. 557-656, Rf = 0.82-0.7; see fig. 1 §To whom reprint requests should be addressed. 8762The publication costs of this ar...
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