This paper studies the development of financial technology companies (FinTechs) in China. We describe the recent development of payment services and P2P lending and analyze empirically the determinants of P2P lending in different regions in China in 2014-2017. Our descriptive analysis shows that the surge in the number of the P2P platforms in China follows an inverted U-shaped phenomenon. However, the outstanding balances of P2P lenders is still increasing, while average yields of P2P lenders have sharply plunged. Our empirical findings indicate: (i) P2P lending is more extensive in region with more mobile phone subscriptions; (ii) outstanding balance of P2P lenders in region is negatively associated with the size of traditional banking sector; and (iii) the number of the P2P platforms in negatively related to the fixed assets investments in region, whereas average yield is a positively associated with the fixed assets investments.

Abstract:We provide the first comprehensive analysis of financial participation in Finnish manufacturing companies. Compared to many developed economies, the incidence of profit sharing in Finland is found to be relatively high. Cash-based profitsharing (CPS) schemes are the most commonly used method of financial participation, and around 40% of manufacturing companies had them in 2005. Share-based schemes and personnel funds are much less common. Moreover, CPS schemes were growing fast in the early 2000s, while the number of other forms of financial participation had stagnated. In analyzing the determinants of financial participation, stakeholder ownership stands out. Firms that are owned by the state or co-operatives have over a 90 % likelihood of having financial participation schemes, whereas the likelihood for other firms is only around 40%. Firms mainly owned by management are less likely to offer financial participation. The evidence of complementarities with other management practices is fairly weak, although there is some evidence that higher levels of workplace training and higher computer use are associated with financial participation.

Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. ABSTRACT: A new, long and rich panel data set consisting of all Finnish publicly traded firms is used to study how firm characteristics and stock market developments influence the adoption and targeting of stock option compensation. Stock option adoption is found to be a pro-cyclical phenomenon. Findings from firm-level econometric analysis often corroborate those based on U.S. data, but important differences also emerge. Findings include: (i) firms with higher market value per employee are more likely to use stock option compensation; (ii) share returns from the past year affect the adoption of targeted stock options, but not broad-based plans; (iii) typically larger firms with dispersed ownership adopt selective plans, while small "new economy" firms favor broad-based plans. Terms of use: Documents in

This study examines the role of levels and changes in bank balance sheet variables in explaining bank closure. Using a unique set of monthly bank-level panel data from Russia, we estimate determinants of bank license withdrawals during 2013M7-2017M7. We make two key findings. First, changes in CAMEL indicators are always significantly correlated with probability of bank closure, and the magnitude of parameter estimates decreases with the lag length. Second, while the one-month lagged levels of capital, earnings, and liquidity are significantly associated with the probability of bank closure in the subsequent month, the level of liquidity is the only significant indicator for longer lags. Our key contribution that changes in CAMEL variables matter more than levels is robust to various robustness checks.

We test competing hypotheses concerning the comparative behavior of shareholder‐owned commercial banks and stakeholder‐orientated cooperative and savings banks in European banking. One hypothesis is that the risk culture and business models of stakeholder and shareholder‐owned banks have become more alike and so cost efficiency has converged between bank ownership structures. The alternative hypothesis suggests that institutional differences do matter and lead, amongst other things, to variation in network effects and monitoring mechanisms producing differing behaviors and efficiency outcomes. By using a novel panel data set of 521 European banks during 1994–2010, we find: (i) mean inefficiency scores vary by ownership type and are lower for cooperative banks than for commercial and savings banks; (ii) there is a large variation in inefficiency scores among banks within each ownership type but the lower variance for cooperative banks indicates that they are the most homogeneous group; (iii) the inefficiency distribution of savings and commercial banks appear to arise from the same distribution, but this does not hold for cooperative banks. As such our findings are more consistent with the alternative hypothesis. Our first two findings buttress those studies that found significant differences between European banks with differing ownership structures, while our third finding on the significance of the cycle to the distribution of inefficiency is novel.