PurposeThe purpose of this study was to examine whether preconception maternal dietary pattern is associated with in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcome among Japanese women.MethodsThis prospective study included 140 Japanese women who underwent conventional‐IVF/intracytoplasmic sperm injection. The patients’ diets during the previous month before egg retrieval were assessed with validated brief‐type self‐administered diet history questionnaire. Dietary patterns from 33 predefined food groups [energy‐adjusted food (g/1000 kcal)] were extracted by factor analysis. The primary outcome measure was clinical pregnancy rate after IVF.ResultsThirty‐six women had confirmed clinical pregnancy. Three dietary patterns were identified: “Vegetable and seafood,” “Western,” and “Rice and miso soup.” The “Vegetables and seafood” dietary pattern (high intakes of green and other vegetables, mushrooms, seasoning, fish, soy products, chicken, and potatoes) was not associated with clinical pregnancy ([odds ratio per one‐quartile increase in dietary pattern: 0.94 (95% confidence interval: 0.67‐1.32), P = 0.73]. This relationship was unaltered after controlling for potential confounders. Furthermore, no association was seen between the other two dietary patterns and clinical pregnancy.ConclusionsThe three maternal preconception dietary patterns identified revealed no meaningful association with IVF outcome in Japanese women. Further studies in various populations with different dietary patterns are needed to confirm these findings.

PurposeTo compare the embryo outcomes of in vitro fertilization/intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist protocol with follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and with human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG).MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study in 465 patients. Stimulation was started by daily FSH injection, and either FSH was continued (FSH alone group) or hMG was administrated (FSH-hMG group) after administration of a GnRH antagonist. Primary outcomes were the embryo profile (number of retrieved, mature, and fertilized eggs, and morphologically good embryos on day 3) and endocrine profile. Secondary outcomes were the doses and durations of gonadotropin. Data were stratified by the patients’ age into two groups: <35 years and ≥35 years.ResultsIn patients aged <35 years, the number of retrieved oocytes in the FSH alone group was significantly increased than that in the FSH-hMG group (13.7 vs 9.2, P = 0.04), while there was no difference at other age groups. The FSH-hMG group required a significantly greater amount of gonadotropins at any age (all ages, P < 0.001; <35 years, P = 0.013; ≥35 years, P < 0.001).ConclusionsExogenous FSH alone is probably sufficient for follicular development and hMG may not improve the embryo profile in a GnRH antagonist protocol across all age.