This paper presents a developed ontology of emergent properties characterizing the emergent behavior of complex engineering systems, which is the emergence of greater functionality of the overall system compared to the sum of the functionalities of system components. The ontology is based on the systems thinking approach used in systems architecture, one of the key points to consider in the conceptual design of engineering systems and used to manage the complexity of systems. Firstly, in the paper, research attributes and the adaptation of the term “ontology” for systems thinking are given. Secondly, the coverage of analyzed literature sources in the description of the literature search is demonstrated. Thirdly, the developed ontology consisting of semantics and relationships of systems emergent properties is presented. The proposed ontology is followed by highlighting its possible systems engineering applications. Finally, in conclusion, the benefits of the developed ontology are mentioned. Overall, the current paper combines aspects of systems engineering with key elements of the design of complex systems.
This paper reviews the information available on specifics of the design decision-making process for the case of disruptive technological innovations associated with new products and systems. It defines the term “disruptive technological innovation,” provides with the explanation of decision-making methodology peculiarities for this type of innovation, and describes currently existing techniques and tools to support design decision making in case of disruptive technological innovations. The current paper relates to decision making in systems engineering and design, and therefore deals with the design decision making.
The terms “disruptive technologies” and “disruptive innovations” appeared at the end of the 1990s. Researchers frequently mention disruptive innovations and technologies in the description of technical products for different industries: aircraft, automotive, food, petroleum, etc. A disruptive technological innovation is defined as a combination of disruptive technology and disruptive innovation. A new product can be relatively a simple device like an unmanned aerial vehicle and a smartphone, or a complex system like a modern aerospace vehicle or a space information network. Being an innovative developed product, it possesses peculiarities influencing the product development phase of the product lifecycle design decision-making process and accompanying supporting techniques and tools.
This review investigates the specifics of design decision making of disruptive technologically innovative products that influence different stages of the product development phase in their product lifecycles. The paper combines aspects of systems engineering with innovation theory, key elements of the design of complex systems, and highlights the product development phase of the product lifecycle design decision-making process.
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