Security labels produced by nondeterministic processes are a promising platform to shield counterfeiting. Here, we demonstrate the design of a physically unclonable anticounterfeiting label made of clusters of Mie-resonant silicon nanoparticles (NPs) fabricated by the laser-induced forward transfer technique. The number and relative position of clusters form the first security level authenticated by a smartphone with a macro lens. The enhanced optical response from the resonant NPs provides an opportunity to create additional laboratory security levels. These levels are based on spatial and chromatic coordinates as well as NP crystallinity, generating unique cluster fingerprints. The K-means clustering method utilized for the NP dark-field image processing makes it possible to achieve an encoding capacity of 10240000 for a 1000 × 500 pixel image. The widespread material, high-throughput fabrication, and multilevel security make a perfect set for label application in security and tracking of different items from consumer goods to art objects.

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Theoretical approaches have been used to analyze the effectiveness of various ions in increasing the electrochemical potential window of aqueous electrolytes. The analysis results were used to select the most promising ions for potential electrolytes. Taking into account the theoretical estimates, the electrochemical stability and composition of aqueous superconcentrated electrolytes were investigated by experimental methods. As a result, the saturated 12 m sodium propionate solution and new formate eutectic 7.6 m LiOOCH +39.5 m KOOCH were selected. These electrolytes demonstrate high electrical conductivity and a potential window reaching 3 V, with fewer dissolved salts than in the acetate eutectics and other systems popular in literature. A formate eutectic and sodium propionate solution can be used as electrolytes for aqueous batteries and supercapacitors.

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