The article describes the concept of rational environmental management, existing approaches to identification of its main types, criteria for classifying natural resources in modern environmental science. The priority direction and means of preventing the environmentally crisis is recognized as a landscape-ecological approach. The role of an ecological-geographical analysis of agricultural nature management and environmental protection was described, the main goal of geographical research of its components was identified. An analysis of natural and social laws, and their interaction was carried out. The role of regional laws and features of interconnections in the development of nature, economy and population aimed at ensuring environment and resource-reproducing functions was described.
The implementation of state land supervision is illustrated using the example of a region. The article presents indices of work over the years in land supervision in the Republic of Mordovia (Russia), as well as in municipal land control over land use and protection in the Saransk district. The necessity of their implementation and use in cadastre and land management to improve land resources management and increase their economic and environmental efficiency is substantiated.
People use many chemicals in their economic activities, which leads to the fact that they become involved in a cycle of anthropogenic transformations of the environment. It was proved that microelements and heavy metals are the most toxic among pollutants. Microelements in the arable layer of the soil depend on the type of soils, their location and content in soil-forming rocks. The studies revealed that the content of heavy metals in the soil in all cases is lower than the APC (MPC). The products obtained in the test areas are safe in relation to the content of heavy metals. Adaptive landscape farming systems can serve as an additional and significant step in optimizing the environmental situation when the soils are contaminated with heavy metals.
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