After adopting the federal law ‘About Strategic Planning in the Russian Federation’ strategic planning in the country was investigated. Methodological foundation of setting goals, fixing horizons of strategic planning was shaped by works of overseas and home experts in the field of institutional construction, system -genetics, structural analysis, quantitative modeling. The authors researched ideas about national development put forward by followers of liberal logics of step-by-step social engineering and representatives of historicism doctrine of theological planning of public development and showed possibilities of their combination. Disadvantages in public spheres of state activities dealing with forecasting, planning, programming and resource supply for the development, which are understood as elements of strategic planning were analyzed. The authors studied objective contradictions and risks in home practice of strategic planning and substantiated the necessity to upgrade institute of state programs in the Russian Federation. They rejected the dominance of once-only assignments and decisions in favour of documents of strategic planning. The method of finding optimum values for income distribution of the consolidated budget of the Russian Federation by levels of budget system was put forward. The three-level budget system of the country is considered as institute, instrument and resource source of strategic planning. The hypothesis about possibility to reach the optimum structure of budget system, which could create conditions for including sub-national bodies of power in implementation of national projects was substantiated.
The purpose of the article is to assess the current state and develop measures of state policy to overcome consistently the interregional differences in the level and quality of life of the population based on promoting the independence of regional and local authorities of the Russian Federation. The applied purpose of the work is to determine the optimal values of the distribution of revenues of the consolidated budget of the Russian Federation at the levels of the budget system as a financial condition of the solvency of the subnational authorities. Due to the provisions of the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation from 07.05.2018 No. 204 “On National Goals and Strategic Objectives of the Development of the Russian Federation for the Period up to 2024” the range of issues is of critical importance, as it requires the inclusion of regional and local authorities in the implementation of national projects.Materials and methods. The paper analyzes the changes in the level of interregional differences in the main indicators of socio-economic development of the Russian Federation for 2000, 2005 and 2016–2018. Based on the analysis of interregional differentiation by the own and total revenues of their consolidated budgets, the changes in the level of financial independence of subnational authorities were assessed. As factors, hindering the development of regions with “selfreliance”, the state debt policy, the policy of inter-budget transfers, as well as the structure of income of the three-level budget system of the country are indicated and analyzed. The methodological basis of the study is the work on regional statistics, structural analysis, quantitative modeling. Tabular and graphic methods of visualization of research results, statistical methods of processing of initial data were used. For the solution of research tasks, the standard packages of the applied programs of Microsoft Windows were used.Results. The article shows the excessive centralization at the Federal level of the main decisions that determine the fiscal and debt policy of regional and local authorities, the “explosive” growth in the volume of subnational debt for these years, as well as the “blurring” of inter-budget transfers from the Federal budget to the budgets of the subjects of the Russian Federation. The debt policy of the state and inter-budgetary regulation are estimated as not fully corresponding to the tasks of spatial development of the country. A system solution for optimizing the structure of three-level budget system of the Russian Federation is proposed and a method for determining the optimal values of the distribution of revenues of the consolidated budget of the Russian Federation by levels of the budget system is given.Conclusion. The paper deals with the differentiation of Russian regions in terms of the level and quality of life of the population, analyzes the factors that led to this differentiation. The high heterogeneity of Russia’s spatial development is one of the features of its economy. State fiscal and debt policy, inter-budget transfer policy are the key factors in consistently solving the problems of overcoming interregional differences in the level and quality of life of the population, improving the competitiveness of the country, ensuring sustainable economic growth. Achieving the optimal structure of the budget system (as well as the movement to it) will create conditions not only for the inclusion of subnational authorities in the implementation of national projects, but also for the implementation of the diversity of the potential of its regions – a unique advantage of the Russian Federation.
The subject of the research is the peculiarities of educational and patriotic work with cadets of the Irkutsk Fire Technical School of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR in 1970. A brief analysis of the development and transformation of this type of educational activity is given on the example of the work of structural training units of a fire school. The role and list of staff of the command and teaching staff who carried out educational and patriotic work with cadets during the activity of the educational institution are indicated. The research methodology includes a concrete historical approach (M.V. Astakhov, I.D. Kovalchenko, V.F. Kolomiytsev, A.P. Pronstein, etc.), as well as generalization, comparison, synthesis, classification, specification; analysis of archival documents, legislation and scientific literature; retrospective analysis; method of historical analogies. The novelty of this scientific article lies in the fact that during the scientific research, historical sources, archival data describing in detail the history of the formation and development of educational and patriotic work in the Irkutsk Fire Technical School of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR have been identified and summarized. The conducted research is of interest to a wide range of readers, since the study of educational-patriotic, educational-pedagogical, structural-organizational and service activities in educational institutions of fire protection of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR is a very important component in the study of the formation and development of departmental education of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR on the territory of the Baikal region in the 20th century.
This article describes the results of econometric research and optimization of the industry structure of the Russian economy. The results of modern domestic research on this topic show that the task of establishing theoretically justified quantitative criteria for optimizing the structural composition of multicomponent (discrete) social systems remains beyond due attention and not only should, but can be solved. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the optimal size, to establish a measure of a harmonious combination of the sectoral components of the domestic economy and, on their basis, to develop an actual orientation of the structural economic policy of the Russian state for the foreseeable future.Materials and methods. The theoretical foundations of the study are developed on the basis of the authors’ preferences regarding the results of conceptual and applied developments of domestic scientists in the field of structural analysis of systems. The methodological basis of the research consists of works on the structural organization of systems, the concept of structural harmony of systems, the dialectic of harmony, the modular theory of society, and econometrics. The analysis of parameters (indicators) of the component composition of the domestic economy was carried out on the basis of statistical data of ROSSTAT for 2018. The assessment of the export-import potential of the domestic economy is based on statistical data on the cost of output of goods and services for 2014-2018. Econometric methods of processing the initial data and tabular methods of visualizing the results of the study were used. Standard Microsoft Office application software packages were used to solve the research tasks.Results. The theoretical foundations, the procedure and algorithms for studying the structure of multicomponent (discrete) systems are presented. The criterion (maximizing the structural potential of the development of the system under study) is determined and a quantitative model for optimizing their structure is constructed. On the basis of the model, the optimal scales of the structural components (branches) of the domestic economy are determined. According to the statistics for 2018, reflecting the resource capacity (employment, fixed assets, number of organizations) and the results of activities (value added, investment activity), econometric calculations of the relative (in comparison with the entire economy) sizes of the Russian economy sectors were made. Comparison of actual and model (optimal) indicators of the magnitude of domestic industries as a way to detect non-optimality (the discrepancies) of its structure, shows the path of transition from its actual status to “the best” structure which describes a quantitative model of optimal combination of scale of its industries.Conclusion. Based on the quantitative model of optimization of the industry structure, the unbalanced nature of the industry structure, the need for harmonization of the industry composition and, thus, the presence of structural reserves for economic growth of the Russian economy are shown. Optimization of the scale of industries is the formation of structural conditions for a more efficient functioning of the Russian economy; it can be recognized as a macroeconomic condition and a strategic reserve for the economic growth.
The subject of research of this research is the process of establishment and development of Irkutsk branch of the Krasnoyarsk Specialized School of Militia of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Soviet Union during the 1989–1991, and its subsequent professional-pedagogical transformation. The author dwells on the question of historical-pedagogical peculiarities of the initial stage of recruiting the academic staff of the branch by the scientific personnel. The author explores the professional peculiarities in carrying out educational, service and combat activity of the permanent and nonpermanent staff of the specialized school. In the course of scientific research, the author reveals and analyzes the factors that affected the establishment and development of Irkutsk branch of Krasnoyarsk Specialized School of Militia of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Soviet Union during the transformation of the political system in Russia; as well as explores the peculiarities of implementing pedagogical activity at the initial stage of the educational institution. The examples of interaction of the cadets and employees of the branch with the divisions of practical authorities. The conducted research is valuable for wide audience, as the establishment and development of departmental education of the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Soviet Union in Baikal region has become a significant event for the educational system of the entire Siberian region.
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