Modern prosthetics largely relies upon visual data processing and implementation technologies such as 3D scanning, mathematical modeling, computer-aided design (CAD) tools, and 3D-printing during all stages from design to fabrication. Despite the intensive advancement of these technologies, once the prosthetic socket model is obtained by 3D scanning, its appropriate orientation and positioning remain largely the responsibility of an expert requiring substantial manual effort. In this paper, an automated orientation algorithm based on the adjustment of the 3D-model virtual anatomical axis of the tibia along with the vertical axis of the rectangular coordinates in three-dimensional space is proposed. The suggested algorithm is implemented, tested for performance and experimentally validated by explicit comparisons against an expert assessment.
Specialized carbon-doped spinellide-periclase refractories developed for the bottom lining of a ladle furnace are described. Large-sized PShUP 1-1-grade refractory blocks have been used for the "impingement" zone which made it possible to reduce the conventional wear rate of 6.21 mm per heat to 2.55 -2.95 mm in the impingement" zone and to 1.09 -1.66 mm in the hot layer of the bottom lining.
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