Endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) and radiofrequencey ablation have become the procedures of choice for the treatment of superficial venous insufficiency. Their minimally invasive technique and safety profile when compared with operative saphenectomy have led to this change. As EVLA has replaced saphenectomy as the procedure of choice, the distribution of complications has changed. We evaluated the most common and most devastating complications in the literature including burns, nerve injury, arterio-venous fistula (AVF), endothermal heat-induced thrombosis and deep venous thrombosis. The following review will discuss the most frequently encountered complications of treatment of superficial venous insufficiency using EVLA. The majority of the complications described can be avoided with the use of good surgical technique and appropriate duplex ultrasound guidance. Overall, EVLA has an excellent safety profile and should be considered among the first line for treatment of superficial venous reflux.
Patency and limb salvage rates for endovascular treatment of tibial vessel disease in this study are comparable with prior reports and with historical surgical controls. Patients who undergo multilevel intervention involving the tibial vessels exhibit improved secondary patency compared with those who undergo intervention for lesions isolated to the tibial vessels. This may reflect increased distal disease burden for patients who undergo isolated tibial intervention. The study data suggest that the presence of multilevel disease should not preclude an attempt at percutaneous revascularization. Further study is required before formulating definitive recommendations for the endovascular treatment of tibial vessel disease.
In a population with challenging anatomic characteristics, EVAR with the Talent eLPS and use of the CoilTrac delivery system compared favorably with open repair through 1 year. Sustained protection from ARM, with minimal reinterventions, was attained through 5 years.
Objective
The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused devastating morbidity and mortality worldwide. In particular, thromboembolic complications have emerged as a key threat for patients with COVID-19. We assessed our experience with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in patients with COVID-19.
Methods
We performed a retrospective analysis of all patients with COVID-19 who had undergone upper or lower extremity venous duplex ultrasonography at an academic health system in New York City from March 3, 2020 to April 12, 2020 with follow-up through May 12, 2020. A cohort of hospitalized patients without COVID-19 (non–COVID-19) who had undergone venous duplex ultrasonography from December 1, 2019 to December 31, 2019 was used for comparison. The primary outcome was DVT. The secondary outcomes included pulmonary embolism, in-hospital mortality, admission to the intensive care unit, and antithrombotic therapy. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify the risk factors for DVT and mortality.
Results
Of 443 patients (COVID-19, n = 188; and non–COVID-19, n = 255) who had undergone venous duplex ultrasonography, the COVID-19 cohort had had a greater incidence of DVT (31% vs 19%;
P
= .005) than had the non–COVID-19 cohort. The incidence of pulmonary embolism was not significantly different statistically between the COVID-19 and non–COVID-19 cohorts (8% vs 4%;
P
= .105). The DVT location in the COVID-19 group was more often distal (63% vs 29%;
P
< .001) and bilateral (15% vs 4%;
P
< .001). The duplex ultrasound findings had a significant impact on the antithrombotic plan; 42 patients (72%) with COVID-19 in the DVT group had their therapy escalated and 49 (38%) and 3 (2%) had their therapy escalated and deescalated in the non-DVT group, respectively (
P
< .001). Within the COVID-19 cohort, the D-dimer level was significantly greater in the DVT group at admission (2746 ng/mL vs 1481 ng/mL;
P
= .004) and at the duplex examination (6068 ng/mL vs 3049 ng/mL;
P
< .01). On multivariable analysis, male sex (odds ratio [OR], 2.27; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06-4.87;
P
= .035), intensive care unit admission (OR, 3.42; 95% CI, 1.02-11.44;
P
= .046), and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (OR, 5.5; 95% CI, 1.01-30.13;
P
= .049) were independently associated with DVT.
Conclusions
Given the high incidence of venous thromboembolic events in this population, we support the decision to empirically initiate therapeutic anticoagulation for patients with a low bleeding risk and severe COVID-19 infection. Duplex ultrasonography should be reserved for patients with a high clinical suspicion of venous thromboembolism for whom anticoagulation ther...
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