This chapter reviews the potential impacts of climate change on on-farm conservation of crop diversity and on the contribution that on-farm conservation can make to agricultural adaptation to climate change, and ask two questions: (1) How might climate change affect the viability of on-farm conservation of landraces in centres of crop diversity? and (2) How can on-farm conservation contribute to the adaptation of small-scale farmers to climate change?
This chapter discusses the impact of high temperature stress on crops and their wild relatives as well as on species fitness, physiological, growth and yield processes. It describes the role of crop wild relatives and landraces for high temperature stress tolerance, and the traits used in breeding for high temperature stress. Approaches for developing high temperature stress-tolerant genotypes are presented, which include traditional backcross, quantitative trait loci and transgenic approaches.
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