This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported License Newcastle University ePrints-eprint.ncl.ac.uk Goddard J, Coombes M, Kempton L, Vallance P. Universities as anchor institutions in cities in a turbulent funding environment: vulnerable institutions and vulnerable places in England.
This paper examines whether recent in-migrants to rural settlements in England commute further to work than the longer-term residents of these places and whether commuting distance differs according to the type of move and the geographical context of their home. The study is based on data from the Individual Controlled Access Microdata Sample (CAMS) of the 2001 Census of Population. It is found that recent in-migrants are much more likely than longer-term residents to commute at least 20km. Using binary logistic regression so as to allow for socio-demographic differences between people, it is shown that the likelihood of longer distance commuting was highest for people who had moved home by between 15 and 99km and for people moving from the largest cities. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 Migración y desplazamientos al trabajo desde largas distancias en la Inglaterra rural TONY CHAMPION, MIKE COOMBES, AND DAVID L. BROWN ABSTRACT En este artículo examinamos si las recientes inmigrantes en enclaves rurales en Inglaterra se desplazan al trabajo más lejos que los residentes a largo plazo de estos lugares y si las distancias de estos desplazamientos difieren según el tipo de movimiento y contexto geográfico de sus hogares. Este estudio se basa en los datos de la muestra de microdatos de acceso controlado individual (CAMS) del Censo de Población 2001. Se observa que es mucho más probable que las inmigraciones recientes se desplacen a trabajar como mínimo a una distancia de 20 km que los residentes a largo plazo. Usando una regresión logística binaria, a fin de tener en cuenta las diferencias sociodemográficas entre las personas, mostramos que la probabilidad de desplazarse a distancias más largas era la más alta para las personas que se habían cambiado de domicilio a una distancia entre 15 y 99 km y para las personas que se desplazan a trabajar desde las ciudades más grandes.
In the urban resurgence accompanying the growth of the knowledge economy, second-order cities appear to be losing out to the principal city, especially where the latter is much larger and benefits from substantially greater agglomeration economies. The view that any city can make itself attractive to creative talent seems at odds with the idea of a country having just one 'escalator region' where the rate of career progression is much faster, especially for in-migrants. This paper takes the case of England, with its highly primate city-size distribution, and tests how its second-order cities (in size order, Birmingham, Manchester, Leeds, Newcastle, Bristol, Sheffield, Liverpool, Nottingham, and Leicester) compare with London as human-capital escalators. The analysis is based on the Office for National Statistics Longitudinal Survey of linked census records for 1991-2001 and uses one key indicator of upward social mobility -the transition from White Collar Non-core to White Collar Core. For non-migrants, the transition rate for the second-order cities combined is found to fall well short of London's, but in one case -Manchesterthe rate is significantly higher than the rest of the country outside the Greater South East. Those moving to the second-order cities during the decade experienced much stronger upward social mobility than their non-migrants, but this 'migrant premium' was generally similar to that for London, suggesting that it results from people moving only after they have secured a better job. Second-order cities, therefore, cannot rely on the speculative migration of talented people but need suitable jobs ready for them to access.
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