Hepatitis C is spreading rapidly in many areas despite the existence of needle exchange services. An extended case study of the hepatitis C and HIV epidemics in Vancouver, which at the time hosted the largest-volume needle exchange in North America, illustrates how adverse social, housing and economic conditions compounded by an upsurge in cocaine injecting can overwhelm restricted needle exchange provision. Together with other work, it suggests the need for far greater support for and investment in needle exchange, for a more interventionist but still 'low threshold' working style, and, in partnership with injectors' for harnessing injectors' social networks to extend risk reduction.
Plane strain channel die compression (PSC) deformation has been carried out on Al-Mg alloys with Mg contents of 0.1 to 5 % at 350°C, and the deformed microstructures characterised by channelling contrast backscattered electron imaging (BSE), secondary electron imaging (SE) and high resolution electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). Measurements of orientation spread and misorientation gradient obtained from EBSD maps have been used to quantify the microstructural inhomogeneity developing in the 4.98 % Mg alloy. The results are consistent with inhomogeneous plasticity with more deformation occurring in the grain boundary regions. In-situ FEGSEM hot deformation experiments on the Al-4.98 % Mg alloy have provided evidence of stress driven boundary migration at low strains.
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