ObjectivePrevention of hearing impairment is important because it is difficult to recover from it. Epidemiological studies have examined the risk factors for hearing impairment; however, the association between dipstick proteinuria and hearing impairment has not been previously examined. This study aimed to clarify the association between dipstick proteinuria and hearing impairment.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingOffice and factory workers from all over Japan.ParticipantsThe total number of subjects was 7005. All were employees of the same company. Of these, we recruited 6192 subjects who underwent dipstick urine test and hearing test by audiometry in annual health check-ups (mean age 44.9 years, men 88.3%).Primary outcomesHearing tests were performed at two frequencies (1 kHz, 4 kHz) as prescribed by law in Japan. We defined the inability of subjects to respond to 30 dB at 1 kHz and/or 40 dB at 4 kHz as overall moderate hearing impairment. In addition, we defined moderate hearing impairment at 1 kHz (4 kHz) as an abnormal finding at 1 kHz (4 kHz). We examined the associations between degree of dipstick proteinuria and hearing impairment after adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, serum creatinine level and history of noisy work environment.ResultsOverall moderate hearing impairment was noted in 324 subjects (5.2%). Of these, 107 subjects (1.7%) had moderate hearing impairment at 1 kHz and 278 subjects (4.5%) at 4 kHz. Dipstick proteinuria was significantly associated with overall moderate hearing impairment, as well as moderate hearing impairment at both 1 kHz and 4 kHz. The prevalence of overall moderate hearing impairment among subjects with proteinuria ≥2+ was 23.5%, while that among subjects without proteinuria was 5.2% (p<0.01).ConclusionsDipstick proteinuria was associated with moderate hearing impairment in Japanese workers.
ObjectivesHearing impairment is among the most significant health problems, and the number of adults with hearing impairment is increasing worldwide. Therefore, the prevention of hearing impairment is important. Proteinuria appears to be a risk factor for hearing impairment, but no prospective studies have examined the association between proteinuria and hearing impairment risk. This prospective study aimed to clarify the association between dipstick proteinuria and risk of hearing impairment.DesignThis was a prospective cohort study based on annual health check-up data, 2008–2016.SettingData were collected on 7005 employees of a single company who worked in offices and factories throughout Japan.ParticipantsWe analysed data from 5699 subjects (88.6% men) who underwent annual health check-ups twice or more from 2008 to 2016, had no missing data, and were free from hearing impairment at baseline. We regarded the first health check-up as the baseline examination.Primary and secondary outcome measuresHearing tests were performed using audiometry at two frequencies (1 and 4 kHz) during the health check-ups. Defining total moderate hearing impairment as the inability to respond to 30 dB at 1 kHz and/or 40 dB at 4 kHz, we examined the association between dipstick proteinuria at baseline and risk of hearing impairment at final examination.ResultsTotal moderate hearing impairment was noted in 162 (2.8%) subjects. Compared with subjects without proteinuria at baseline, the multivariable adjusted OR (95% CI) was 5.35 (1.87–15.25) for subjects with proteinuria ≥2+, 0.92 (0.40–2.13) for those with proteinuria +/−, and 1.33 (0.63–2.80) for those with proteinuria+ at baseline.ConclusionsSevere dipstick proteinuria was positively associated with risk of hearing impairment in the future. Our results suggest that medical examinations including urine testing are effective for detecting subjects with high risk of hearing impairment.
among rural women. The study also tried to identify the awareness, perceptions & attitude towards breast cancer & mammography use among these women. Methods Breast cancer educational sessions were conducted by trained health workers. Women were later contacted at their homes and invited to attend a CBE and mammography at the tertiary care centre at no cost. Those willing were provided transportation as well as assistance to attend the screening session. Results A total of 599 women were screened over a span of 2 years (response rate À85%). Most of the participants were in the 40e50 age group (59.8%). Seventy nine per cent were unaware regarding the risk factors for breast cancer and nearly 60% were not aware of any breast cancer screening methods. Only 16% had heard of mammography earlier. Anxiety, pain and cost factor were some of the perceived barriers for mammography. Conclusion In spite of poor awareness regarding breast cancer & it's screening modalities participation was encouraging, demonstrating that a targeted intervention could bring about the required health seeking behaviour. Introduction The receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB (RANK), the receptor for RANK ligand, is a member of the tumour necrosis factor receptor superfamily and plays a central role in osteoclast development. There is little epidemiological evidence as to whether RANK polymorphisms influence oral health. This study investigated the association between the RANK polymorphism and the number of teeth among Japanese. Methods We used baseline data from the Shizuoka area in the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study. The analysis included 4927 subjects (3348 men, 1579 women; age range 35e69 years). The genotyping of the RANK polymorphism (rs12458117) was conducted using a PCR-based TaqMan method. The number of teeth was self-reported. Results The mean tooth number was 24.265.6 (range 0e28) and decreased with age (p<0.01). The subjects with the GG genotype had significantly fewer teeth than those with the GA or AA genotype, after adjusting for sex, age and covariates (p¼0.02). In a multivariate analysis after adjusting for covariates, men with the GG (OR, 2.6; 95% CI 1.1 to 2.1) and GA (OR, 1.4; 95% CI 0.7 to 1.6) genotypes had a higher risk of having less than 20 teeth, as compared to those with the AA genotype. No significant OR was found in women. Conclusion Our findings suggest that the RANK polymorphism is related to tooth loss among Japanese men. P2-212
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