Antecedents of intrinsic motivation, metacognition and their effects on students' academic performance in fundamental knowledge for matriculation courses.
The aim of this study is to review how human resource management (HRM) practice influences labor productivity in oil companies in Libya. This study brought the fact that due to the distinct features of oil companies, common discourses of MRM very often ruled out. In addition, this study focused that HRM is applied at the micro level, which influences the labor productivity in oil companies. Nevertheless, the crucial determinants for fostering labor productivity are not individual level of HRM practice, instead the macroeconomic aspects such as political instability and quality of governance and diplomatic relation. Therefore, this study prescribes a holistic approach, which is that along with micro level of HRM practice and political and macroeconomic stability are crucially important to foster labor productivity.
The call for teaching accountability in higher education initiated teaching effectiveness research and its scales development. Attention in many institutions of higher learning has been diverted recently to the improvement of teaching performance as another way besides academic research to promote the higher institutions. The diversity of attention is a response to external calls for accountability in teaching as a result of the under-estimation of the significance of the teaching process compared to research activities. As research on teaching effectiveness has increased, so has the number of different measures of teaching effectiveness. Hence, in this article, the researchers examined the psychometric properties of two teaching effectiveness scales, namely the Marsh Student Evaluation of Educational Quality (1987) and Mahfooz Ansari and Mustafa Achoui Ansari Teaching Feedback Survey (2000) in terms of their factorial and construct validity. A total of 1504 3 rd and 4 th year and postgraduate students were selected from four renowned Malaysian public Universities, namely USIM, UM, UPM and IIUM. The study found that although the two scales were constructed to assess teaching effectiveness in higher institutions, the Marsh scale was extensively used in the literature and more comprehensive in relation to the numbers of factors. The study found that although there is room for improvement for both scales, the Marsh's scale is psychometrically more sound, and theoretically more comprehensive than Ansari and Ansari's scale.
This study evaluated the links between HRM practices and Labour productivity comprehensively with the mediating role of social skills. The study focuses on the Libyan oil and gas companies that play an important role in Libya's economic development. The data of this study were collected using the quantitative approach, whereby the questionnaire was administered and yielded 339 respondents with a response rate of 56.5%. Results based on these practices have significant impact on both social skills and labour productivity. Finally, the roles of staffing and on-the-job training as HRM practices contradict the results of previous studies that found these factors to be crucial for labour productivity. This study suggests that decentralised decisions lies in the strategic models and enables the HRM policies to be in force.
Attitude plays a fundamental role in the learning process of foreign languages. It has recently gotten much attention from first and second-language researchers. Previous studies have indicated that learners showed a positive attitude towards learning Mandarin. Limited studies investigated the correlations between language learning attitude and course achievement among Mandarin foreign language learners. Therefore, this study tends to fill this gap. 614 non-native Malay learners of Mandarin from 5 different public universities in Malaysian participated in this study. The study used a quantitative design, and data was collected through questionnaires and the end-of-semester course grade. Descriptive statistics analysis, correlation and linear regression using SPSS. 25 were run to analyse the collected data. This study revealed a statistically positive correlation between attitude and Mandarin foreign language course achievement. The linear regression result revealed that learning attitude statistically predicted Mandarin foreign language learners' course achievement (β = .20, .001). This study has concluded limitations and recommendations to help institutions and interested researchers shed light on these further research studies.
<span lang="EN-US">The content validity of teacher-made tests (TMT) in Malaysian Chinese primary schools was explored in this research. The study used teacher-made tests to analyze the selected Chinese primary schools, which have yet to be thoroughly explored in the context of these school types. It also investigated how well teachers in the sampled schools understand the table of specifications (TOS). The study further examined the extent to which included demographic variables affect the validity of teacher-made tests. A total of 660 questionnaires were distributed randomly to teachers from 21 Chinese primary schools. There were 381 completed questionnaires (58% of total rate) received and analyzed. The findings demonstrated that most teachers have a basic understanding of the TOS and that teacher-made test levels are valid. K-group MANOVA analysis also revealed that work experience and age had a significant influence on teacher understanding. Work experience and age, on the other hand, had no effect on the teacher-made test. Furthermore, the findings demonstrated that both teacher understanding and teacher-made tests were unaffected by teacher gender. </span>
This research aims to study the correlative relationships between the orientation towards the goal and engage in the learning process, and their relationship to the acquisition of Arabic language skills as a second language between students of the University of Islamic Science Malaysia and International Islamic University Malaysia. The study followed the correlative approach. The questionnaire consisted of a questionnaire that was distributed to a random stratified sample. The study population consisted of students from the University of Islamic Sciences Malaysia and the International Islamic University Malaysia. It reached 451 students (males = 170, females = 281). The researchers used the typical structural equation for statistical treatments. The result of the analysis showed a statistically significant relationship between the goal of empowerment, the goal of performance on the one hand, and linguistic competence on the other. While the negative relationship between avoiding schoolwork and language competence. The study also revealed that there is a strong positive relationship between engaging in the learning process mentally, behaviorally, emotionally and linguistic competence, and the behavioral involvement factor obtained the strongest relationship in determining the fate of the language learning process. Finally, the analysis showed that females are more capable than males. In light of the results, the current study recommended the application of such studies in some countries where Arabic is considered a second language to ensure the validity and consistency of the scale, and the possibility of generalizing it. Developing the skills of Arabic language teachers through training workshops and introducing them to modern teaching methods in teaching the Arabic language.
The present study addressed the issue of reliability and validity of scale through the comparison between the traditional method and the Rasch model, which is seen by statisticians as the best method to psychometrically validate the scale and test its properties. Researchers have demonstrated the failure of traditional statistical methods to take into account the characteristics of the items and people when testing the reliability of the scale as well as respondents. They usually turn to alpha Cronbanch to examine the internal consistency of the scale without taking into consideration that alpha Cronbanch has been affected by external factors such as the length of the scale. However, the Rasch model that is relatively considered to be modern statistics, is not affected by external factors especially the length of the scale, even a short scale might be more reliable than the long one. Moreover, the Rasch model can also be used to investigate various types of validities such as content validity, construct validity, and criterion validity. Interestingly, the Rasch model is also a powerful statistics tool used to determine the contribution of the items and people in the total reliability of the scale. For example, the variable map is used to examine the extent to which the items adequately target the respondents taking into account the difficulty of items and ability of the subjects. Nevertheless, the traditional methods normally calculate the uniqueness of the scale by focusing on the sum of squares and these methods do not offer standard errors for each item to determine the accuracy of the measurement. Hence, the researchers suggested in this paper that favorability of the Rasch model in testing scales’ reliability and validity was recommended compared to conventional statistical methods.
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