CA items and CA score could predict disability and mortality in community-dwelling older adults in Japanese rural areas. Therefore, it is recommended that older adults from all age groups participate in CA. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 1114-1124.

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The present findings suggest that both individual and community approaches might be effective in promoting participation in health checkups among community-dwelling older adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 338-351.

Often sleeping well and good morning awakening were both associated with MD, suggesting that self reported QOS is associated with MD. Further research is required to investigate whether improving sleep quality could be a possible means of preventing and reversing MD in older adults.