Newly developed SnO2:F films having “double–texture (W-texture)” were evaluated in terms of optical and electrical properties and compared with Asahi type-U substrate. “W-textured” transparent conductive oxide (TCO) film was composed of a combination of 300-500nm large hills and small pyramidal texture covering them. “W-textured” TCO could show a large haze value exceeding 80% even at 800nm. Microcrystalline Si (μc-Si:H) thin film solar cells were fabricated on these TCOs and characterized. The result showed that a quantum efficiency of μc-Si:H solar cells was improved with “W-textured ” TCOs significantly in longer wavelength region.
A novel class of mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase 2 (MAPKAP-K2) inhibitors was discovered through screening a kinase-focused library. A homology model of MAPKAP-K2 was generated and used to guide the initial SAR studies and to rationalize the observed selectivity over CDK2. An X-ray crystal structure of a compound from the active series bound to crystalline MAPKAP-K2 confirmed the predicted binding mode. This has enabled the discovery of a series of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives showing good in vitro cellular potency as anti-TNF-α agents and in vivo efficacy in a mouse model of endotoxin shock.
It is shown that Potential Induced Degradation (PID) can be prevented by using chemically strengthened glass as module cover glass in this paper. While several factors are considered to be the causes of PID, migration of Na ions from module cover glass has been pointed out as a principal factor. It has been known that photovoltaic modules with proper materials of encapsulant, antireflection coating layer on Si wafer, and/or appropriate system conditions do not show PID. Without such proper measures, photovoltaic modules show PID under tough conditions, high temperature, high humidity, and/or high bias voltage. Chemically strengthened glass is known to have lower Na concentration in its surface compared to conventional thermally strengthened glass. Small modules containing chemically strengthened glass were prepared and operated in an accelerated PID test. Negative voltage bias of 1000 V was applied continuously to the cells in the modules by connecting shorted leads during the accelerated PID test. The small modules with chemically strengthened glass show the same maximum power under 1000 W/m 2 illumination after those accelerated PID tests with high temperature and high bias voltage as before, even though no other measures were made to the modules for preventing PID. In other words, only replacing cover glass with chemically strengthened glass prevents Na-related PID. Chemically strengthened glass as photovoltaic module cover glass is now commercially available, as "Leoflex TM " from Asahi Glass. Composition of the Leoflex TM glass is specially designed for good chemical-strengthening characteristics.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.