As legislators and platforms tackle the challenge of suppressing hate speech online, questions about its definition remain unresolved. In this review we discuss three issues: What are the main challenges encountered when defining hate speech? What alternatives are there for the definition of hate speech? What is the relationship between the nature and scope of the definition and its operationability? By tracing both efforts to regulate and to define hate speech in legal, paralegal, and tech platform contexts, we arrive at four possible modes of definition: teleological, pure consequentialist, formal, and consensus or relativist definitions. We suggest the need for a definition where hate speech encompasses those speech acts that tend towards certain ethically proscribed ends, which are destructive in terms of their consequences, and express certain ideas that are transgressions of specific ethical norms.
Through an argumentation analysis can one show how it is feasible to view a narrative religious text such as the Gospel of Matthew as a literary argument. The Gospel is not just ''good news'' but an elaborate argument for the standpoint that Jesus is the Son of God, the Messiah. It is shown why an argumentation analysis needs to be supplemented with a pragmatic literary analysis in order to describe how the evangelist presents his story so as to reach his argumentative objective. The analysis also shows why in the case of historical religious literary texts, certain demands are put on the analyst that are not normally present.
Suomalaista puhekulttuuria pidetään usein vaatimattomana. Yksi tällaisen puhekulttuurin tunnetuimmista ilmentymistä on Aki Kaurismäen niin kutsuttu työläistrilogia. Artikkeli tarjoaa analyysin vakuuttavista ja argumentoivista dialogeista elokuvan Varjoja paratiisissa -käsikirjoituksesta. Metodinen lähestymistapa perustuu Searlin puheakteihin, Gricen maksiimeihin ja argumentaation analyysiin. Tuloksena on kuvaus urbaanista suomalaisesta työväenluokan arjen retoriikasta siten kuin se kuvataan Kaurismäen ensimmäisessä kansainvälistä huomiota saaneessa elokuvassa.
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