Middle-aged men bridge younger and older generations and are burdened with social roles and responsibilities that increase their risk of poor health. The aim of this study was to investigate whether family stress had a mediating effect on the relationship between self-efficacy and midlife crisis in a sample of 198 middle-aged South Korean men. Mediation analysis was performed according to the Baron and Kenny method and using the Sobel test. This study confirmed that midlife crisis decreased with increased self-efficacy and increased with family stress level. Family stress was also a significant partial mediator of the relationship between self-efficacy and midlife crisis. As family stress influences all members of the family, interventions are required that engage all family members to alleviate stress. Strategies to boost self-efficacy should be utilized, and family support constitutes the best means of coping.

Background and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the correlation between college students’ fear of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), intolerance of uncertainty, and sleep quality during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to identify factors affecting sleep quality. Materials and Methods: Data were collected through an online survey of 310 college students from three universities located in three regions in Korea. Results: The average sleep quality score of college students was 4.76 ± 2.86 points, the average fear of COVID-19 was 14.01 ± 5.05 points, and the average intolerance of uncertainty was 31.50 ± 7.92 points. Fear of COVID-19 and intolerance of uncertainty were positively correlated (r = 0.302, p < 0.001). Sleep quality was positively correlated with fear of COVID-19 (r = 0.246, p < 0.001). Sleep quality was positively correlated with intolerance of uncertainty (r = 0.212, p < 0.001). Health status was the most powerful factor that affected sleep quality (β = 0.377, p < 0.001). The next most powerful factors that affected sleep quality were fear of COVID-19 (β = 0.164, p = 0.003) and intolerance of uncertainty (β = 0.122, p = 0.027), respectively. Conclusions: These results are expected to be used as basic data for the development of health intervention programs to protect and improve the psychological well-being of college students by improving their sleep quality.

The purpose of this study was to identify the correlation between depression, anxiety, e-health literacy (eHL), and health-promoting behaviors among nursing students during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, and to identify the factors affecting health-promoting behaviors. A cross-sectional study was conducted online, recruiting 301 nursing students recruited from 4 universities in the Chungcheng Province and Daejeon Metropolitan City in South Korea between May 28 and June 30, 2021. Data were analyzed using SPSS WIN 27.0. The general characteristics of the study participants were analyzed by frequency and percentage, and the degree of depression, anxiety, eHL, and health-promoting behaviors were calculated as averages and standard deviations. Differences in health-promoting behaviors according to general characteristics were analyzed using independent t tests and analysis of variance, and a post hoc Scheffe test was conducted. Correlations between depression, anxiety, eHL, and health-promoting behaviors were measured using Pearson correlation matrices. Stepwise multiple regression was performed to identify factors affecting health-promoting behaviors. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the average level of depression and anxiety was reported to be 3.93 (4.71) and 3.40 (4.30), respectively; 33.2% of nursing students experienced more than mild depression and 29.2% experienced anxiety. The average eHL level was 3.91 (0.56), and the average of health-promoting behaviors was 2.43 (0.45). Depression was positively correlated with anxiety ( R = 0.734, P < .001) and negatively correlated with health-promoting behaviors ( r = −0.198, P = .001), whereas eHL had a positive correlation with health-promoting behaviors ( R = 0.347, P < .001). The factors affecting health-promoting behaviors were religion ( β = −0.160, standard error [SE] = 0.048), current health status ( β = −0.097, SE = 0.032), frequency of searching the Internet for health-related information in a week ( β = −0.070, SE = 0.026), interest in health ( β = −0.191, SE = 0.039), and critical eHL ( β = 0.243, SE = 0.040); the explanatory power was 27.4%. Results demonstrate that during the COVID-19 pandemic, higher depression and anxiety among nursing students decreased health-promoting behaviors, while higher eHL increased health-promoting behaviors, and eHL was a major factor affecting health-promoting behaviors. These results contribute to the provision of basic data for the development of nursing intervention programs and educational strategies that can establish correct health-promoting behaviors by managing depression and anxiety among nursing students and improving eHL.

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