The dissolution rate of lime in the molten slag is important for the efficient of steelmaking reactions. The dissolution rates of quicklime were conventionally measured by a rotating cylinder method, and they were quite lower compared with the estimated rates from actual steelmaking operations. Previously, the authors reported that the quicklime used in the actual operation had a much faster dissolution rate than completely calcined lime. During the dissolution of quicklime used in the actual operation, quicklime emits CO 2 gas twice, and the second gas formation effectively enhances the dissolution rate. Though the dissolution rates of quicklime with a CO 2 content of 0, 2, 4, and 9 mass% had been analyzed, the dissolution rates were scattered. The reason for this scattering of the data was that the CO 2 content of individual quicklime samples varied significantly within the same grade of quicklime, because the samples used in the previous study were produced by a rotary kiln process. Consequently, the dissolution rates were inconclusive, and the effect of the CO 2 content in quicklime on the dissolution rate of quicklime could not be fully clarified. In this study, the CO 2 content was controlled through the laboratory-based preparation of spherical quicklime samples and thus, the effect of the CO 2 content on the dissolution rate of quicklime in the molten slag could be precisely analyzed. Eventually, this approach allowed to propose the dissolution rate of quicklime with gas formation due to the thermal decomposition of the CaCO 3 core existing in the center of quicklime samples.
Reduction of the appropriate Schiff bases gave 5‐benzylamino‐3‐methyl‐2‐pentene (XVII) and l‐benzylamino‐3‐methylpentane (XVIII), the condensation of which with methyl 3‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐2,3‐epoxypropionate afforded a mixture of the isomeric 1‐benzyl‐2‐(4‐methoxy‐benzyl)‐3,4‐dimethyl‐4‐hydroxypiperidines (XIXa and XIXb). The piperidinols were heated with hydrobromic acid, respectively, to afford 3‐benzyl‐1,2,3,4,5,6‐hexahydro‐8‐hydroxy‐2,6‐methano‐6,11‐dimethyl‐3‐benzazocine (II). Since the conversion of II to pentazocine (Ic) had already been accomplished, an alternate synthesis of Ic was achieved.
This study focused on the use of molten oxide electrolysis (MOE) as a low-cost, clean, continuous separation method suitable for incorporation into actual steelmaking processes. We discussed interfacial behavior from molten iron to slag by anodic polarization of the copper-containing carbon-saturated molten iron (metal phase)–molten oxide (slag phase) interface and investigate the operating mechanism of MOE. The basic constant potential electrolysis between the metal phase (Fe-10 wt% Cu-5.0 wt% C) and slag phase (27 wt% CaO-27 wt% SiO2-45 wt% Al2O3-1.0 wt% CaS) by maintaining 1–2 V vs. Pt at 1773 K in an Ar atmosphere is described. When polarized, a high concentration of dispersed Cu-rich phase was detected locally near the metal–slag interface but not in the phase center of the metal. At the metal–slag interface, the energies of the Fe-rich and Cu-rich phase–slag interfaces decreased due to electric capillarity, and the Cu-rich phase distributed near the interface.
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