Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been a global health problem in recent years. CKD patients often restrict their potassium (K) intake to avoid the high risk of hyperkalemia. In this study, quantitative K management in hydroponics was adopted to produce low K cherry-type tomato (Solanum lycopersicom L.) fruit. The total quantity of K supply per plant during the cultivation was 7.2 g (1 K), 3.6 g (1/2 K), 1.8 g (1/4 K), 0.9 g (1/8 K) and 0.6 g (1/12 K), respectively. The total fruit yield decreased to about 75% at 1/2 K and 58% at 1/12 K compared to 1 K. The fruit K content was lower in 1/4 K, 1/8 K and 1/12 K than in 1 K and 1/2 K, and the fruit from 1/8 K and 1/12 K achieved below 100 mg 100 g−1 FW of K. Total soluble solid content (Brix) was 7–8% in 1 K and 1/4 K but was lower in 1/8 K and 1/12 K. Fruit acid content decreased to 87% in 1/2 K to 70% in 1/4 K and 1/8 K, and to 57% in 1/12 K of 1 K. In conclusion, quantitative K management in hydroponics is expected to produce low K tomato fruit. Fruit K content of approximately 100 mg.100 g−1 FW was achieved when the quantity of K supply was 1/4 K and 1/8 K, with a relatively smaller effect on fruit yield, Brix and acid content.
Chronic kidney failure has become a global problem in recent years, and the patients are often restricted K intake because of the problem with excretion of excess K. Low K tomato fruit will improve the dietary habits of the patients and their QOL. In this study, a method of producing tomato fruit with low K content was investigated. Medium-sized and cherry tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum L.) cultivars were used, and the supply of K was restricted using hydroponic technology. In medium-sized tomatoes, fruit K content decreased 40% to 60% depending on cultivar by K withdrawal from the nutrient solution. Although total soluble solid content showed a slight decrease, titratable acid content was affected by K restriction and decreased 20% to 40% depending on cultivar. In either case, K withdrawn in hydroponic culture from anthesis of the 3rd truss was effective in producing tomato fruit with low K, and could decrease the fruit K content to at least 50% of the expected tomato fruit K content. Next study, we applied the newly developed management method, quantitative management, about nutrient supply in hydroponics to control the K supply more precisely. In quantitative management, total amount of nutrients necessary for the plants to achieve their life cycle is divided by the estimated cultivation period. And the calculated amount of fertilizers is supplied to the solution tank at every regular interval. Low K fruit (100 mg K/100 g fruit) was achieved when 0.9 g of potassium was supplied. From these results, restriction of K supply in hydroponics with double or triple truss system is hopeful to produce low K tomato fruits, and quantitative control is thought to be more suitable for low K tomato production. Further study is necessary to expect the cultivation period accurately before the cultivation to plan the schedule of K supply.
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