Poly(viny1 chloride) membrane-based calcium ion-selective electrodes have been constructed, with calcium bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate as a sensing material and tetrahydrofuran as solvent. The influence of several plasticizers and conducting substrates on the analytical characteristics (slope, interval response, lifetime and response time) of the electrodes was studied. The best characteristics were obtained with a graphitepoly(tetrafluoroethy1ene) conducting substrate of the R8iiCka type and with tributoxyethyl phosphate and o-nitrophenyl octyl ether as plasticizers. Chemical interference from several inorganic cations was also investigated. The analytical performance of the electrodes investigated was strongly dependent on a suitable combination of plasticizer and conducting substrate.
The entire operation of an enterprise is carried out through business
processes. They represent a set of business activities, which transform
available resources into results (outputs), such as a product or service.
When it comes to non-wood forest products (NWFP), the business of small and
medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is based on procurement (col?lection and
buying), processing and/or selling of these products. A very important
aspect of SME business is cooperation with other enterprises. Cooperation
can be achieved in procure?ment, production, placement, research, training,
etc. This research aims to study business processes and activities, with a
focus on the cooperation of NWFPs-based in the Toplicko and Moravsko forest
regions. The methods of analysis and synthesis and the statistical method
were used. Data collection was conducted using face to face survey with
representatives of 28 NWFPs-based enterprises in March 2022. Research
results indicate that the majority of SMEs perform business processes
related to the procurement, processing and selling of NWFPs. The most common
form of purchase is at own purchase stations (96.4%) and with collectors
coming to companies (92.9%). Most enterprises do not perform secondary
processing of products, but neither do they export. The most common form of
placement is to ?other processors?. All analysed SMEs cooperate with other
companies, but their representatives are also interested in improving that
cooperation. There is a need for the improvement of business processes and
the development of cooperation between NWFPs-based SMEs in selected forest
regions, to increase their competitiveness.
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