Publicația este elaborată cu suportul financiar al proiectelor de cercetare din cadrul Programului de Stat (2020-2023): 1. Proiectul 20.80009.0807.16 Elaborarea instrumentelor economice noi de evaluare şi stimulare a competitivităţii agriculturii Republicii Moldova pentru anii 2020-2023. 2. Proiectul 20.80009.0807.21 Migrația, schimbări demografice și politici de stabilizare a situației. 3. Proiectul 20.80009.0807.22 Dezvoltarea mecanismului de formare a economiei circulare în Republica Moldova. 4. Proiectul 20.80009.0807.29 Perfecționarea mecanismelor de aplicare a instrumentelor inovaționale orientate spre creșterea durabilă a bunăstării populației Republicii Moldova. 5. Proiectul 20.80009.1606.38 Evaluarea multidimensională și dezvoltarea ecosistemului antreprenorial la nivel național și regional în vederea impulsionării sectorului IMM în Republica Moldova.
The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted economies, the food system and consumer behaviour. In order to emerge from the crisis caused by SARS-CoV-2, with minimal losses, it is very important to know how the behaviour of both producers and consumers’ changes. In this study, the analysis of the impact of the pandemic on the change of consumers’ eating habits, preferences and consumption trends is performed based on the opinion poll. The aim of the research is to identify a new paradigm of consumer behaviour in the Republic of Moldova. The results of the research showed that there was a change in the paradigm of consumer behaviour, which led to healthier consumption and there was an upward trend in on-line procurement.
The war in Ukraine has generated a major refugee movement in European countries. According to United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, since February 24, 2022, more than 6.9 million people from Ukraine became refugees. Among the countries that had border crossings of refugees from Ukraine and hosted these refugees, the Republic of Moldova is the country with the second highest pressure from refugees to the size of the population of the host country, after the Czech Republic. Considering this, it is important to evaluate the situation of refugees from Ukraine in the Republic of Moldova.
In 2020, due to the SARS-CoV-2 virus that caused the COVID-19 pandemic, various measures were taken to contain its spread and protect the population from infection. These measures have limited economic activity to a certain extent, which has required cost reductions, including personnel, rent and administrative costs, curtailing the work/production program, postponing current and/or strategic investments, or even shutting down economic activity altogether. All this led to a decrease in the disposable income of the population and, accordingly, to a decrease in consumption expenditures. Even if the disposable income of some part of the population has remained at the previous level or increased during the pandemic, fears about the directions of future social and economic development may also influence consumption expenditures in the direction of restriction. Like other countries, the Republic of Moldova also did not miss such a development. But the main goal of the conducted research was to determine the directions of changes in the evolution of consumer spending of the population of the Republic of Moldova precisely in the gender aspect, because gender differences are inherent in consumer behavior. And although certain studies were conducted in the Republic of Moldova that highlighted certain aspects of the evolution of consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic, they focused on the general consumption behavior of the population or on specific groups of products and services and were not marked by gender sensitivity. Therefore, this article presents a gender analysis of consumption expenditures by citizens of Moldova on a wide variety of products and services, which were divided into groups: food products; clothing and luxury items; durable goods; other consumer goods; medicine and health care; dwelling; sports and recreation; transportation. The data was collected as a result of a sociological survey conducted by the authors. The analysis of the survey data showed that, in general, there was an increase in expenditures among men, and a decrease among women for most types of goods and services.
One of the relatively recent instruments used to increase the consumption of cultural products and services by the population is the cultural voucher, which, in general, represents a financial instrument intended to be used to benefit from cultural products and services. In particular, the term "cultural voucher" can be defined differently depending on the type of regulatory and issuing entity and the spectrum of its beneficiaries. It could be a state contribution that improves access to culture for primary and secondary school pupils and their pedagogues, a tool for obtaining cultural products and services within a partnership of the government with businesses for the benefit of workers who have formal employment contracts or even an online payment method in the form of a rechargeable electronic card for cultural products and services. In order to demonstrate the diversity of forms and uses of cultural vouchers were used the following research methods: legal analysis, induction, deduction, logical method and literature review. As sources of data were used mainly the national laws and studies that analyze the impact of cultural vouchers on cultural consumption, including among children and young people. The use of cultural vouchers has a positive impact both for consumers and for the industry. This paper was developed and financed within the Scientific Project for the period 2020-2023, registered in the State Register of Science and Innovation Projects of the Republic of Moldova with the code 20.80009.0807.29 State Program Project "Improving the mechanisms for applying innovative instruments aimed at sustainably increasing the welfare of the population of the Republic of Moldova".
In 2020, due to the SARS-CoV-2 virus that caused the COVID-19 pandemic, various measures were taken to contain its spread and protect the population from infection. These measures have limited economic activity to a certain extent, which has required cost reductions, including personnel, rent and administrative costs, curtailing the work/production program, postponing current and/or strategic investments, or even shutting down economic activity altogether. All this led to a decrease in the disposable income of the population and, accordingly, to a decrease in consumption expenditures. Even if the disposable income of some part of the population has remained at the previous level or increased during the pandemic, fears about the directions of future social and economic development may also influence consumption expenditures in the direction of restriction. Like other countries, the Republic of Moldova also did not miss such a development. But the main goal of the conducted research was to determine the directions of changes in the evolution of consumer spending of the population of the Republic of Moldova precisely in the gender aspect, because gender differences are inherent in consumer behavior. And although certain studies were conducted in the Republic of Moldova that highlighted certain aspects of the evolution of consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic, they focused on the general consumption behavior of the population or on specific groups of products and services and were not marked by gender sensitivity. Therefore, this article presents a gender analysis of consumption expenditures by citizens of Moldova on a wide variety of products and services, which were divided into groups: food products; clothing and luxury items; durable goods; other consumer goods; medicine and health care; dwelling; sports and recreation; transportation. The data was collected as a result of a sociological survey conducted by the authors. The analysis of the survey data showed that, in general, there was an increase in expenditures among men, and a decrease among women for most types of goods and services.
In order to stimulate the spiritual and moral development of youth and children in many countries, a relatively new tool was used – a cultural voucher, which is the subject of this study. The purpose of the article is to identify the features of cultural vouchers in different countries, and based on international experience, to find ways of improvement of their use in the Republic of Moldova. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were carried out: a review of international experience in the use of cultural vouchers, a legal analysis of the Moldovan legislation on cultural vouchers and an analysis of the evolution of indicators related to the field of culture, as a rationale for the introduction of cultural vouchers in Moldova. The following research methods were used to realize these tasks: the analysis of legislation, literature review and methods of induction and deduction. The results of the study showed that cultural vouchers in different countries differ in value, the age of its beneficiaries, the range of cultural products and services covered by the voucher, the frequency of payment, and the presence or absence of distribution of payments. In the Republic of Moldova, in recent years, a decline in indicators related to cultural consumption has been revealed, which motivated the introduction of cultural vouchers as a countermeasure against these alarming trends. Since Moldova is just starting to use cultural vouchers, it is necessary to improve the legislation regarding their use.
With the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic, the online format has been applied to continue human activities in better safety, in some cases to replace physical presence, and in other cases to be a complementary option for activities with physical presence. This also applies to summer camps for children. There is no doubt that virtual summer camps for children cannot and should not replace summer camps for children with physical presence, but should be a complementary solution. In this article, we aim to identify the advantages, disadvantages of virtual summer camps for children in relation to those with physical presence. At the same time we identify the functions and forms of organizing activities of virtual summer camps for children and other elements related to them.
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