In marine transport, the risks leading to disasters are associated to the sea and its hazards; in particular, being related both to the state of the ship, competency of the crew members and to the transport of hazardous chemical products or nuclear wastes. Seen from another point of view, spilled oil represents an extremely precious raw material resource, which, through efficient processing, can be reintroduced into the economic value chain. For this purpose, oil fractions can be collected by various means and transported from the spill site to the areas specially designed for the reprocessing treatments application. The naval emergency shuttle (NES) is a floating, collapsible and towable unit fabricated from textile-reinforced composite material that is used for vertical temporary storage and horizontal transport of water – petroleum hydrocarbon (crude oil) compound recovered after various disasters occurred in the brackish sea habitat. The new developed NES innovative solution involves advanced materials based on composite structures with textile matrix covered with hypalon for construction of the main shuttle module architecture and with PVC for the two floating elements achievement. Advanced techniques (for joining the panels) and certified methods (for threads and composite materials experimentation) have been used in order to evaluate the mechanical, chemical, structural characteristics for: threads (100%PA6.6 – 600dtex x 3 and 300dtex x 3; 100%PES 250 x 3 dtex), the composite materials (matrix covered with neoprene, PVC and hypalon) and the types of joints that will be used in its construction. The composite materials were joined using different techniques and seams (301-LSa-1, 301-SSd2-4, 301-SSa-1, etc.) and were tested to assess the maximum strength and elongation at maximum force and tear strength (wing shaped composite material specimen). The management of the obtained data collection consisting of: resistance to breaking, loop and knot - for 3 types of thread used to join the panels; strength, elongation at break and tear force for 3 type-dimensions of specimens (trouser, wing and tongue shaped composite material specimens. During the experimental trials the performed statistical analyses evidenced that the statistical populations are homogeneous (coefficient of variability is max. 13%, for the joint composite material), so the parametric tests can be applied, the identified higher values (compared with averages) of the outliers do not have a negative impact and will not influence the behavior of the NES in real conditions (open sea with possible 4 – 6 Beaufort degree). The conclusions obtained as a result of the statistical analysis enabled the establishment of value ranges for the technical-operational characteristics of the NES, respectively: storage capacity: 5 m3 -500 m3; maximum navigation speed: 3 knots; length: 17.7 – 25m, width: 4.1 – 5 m; breaking strength: min. 500 daN; tearing force: min. 800 N.
The article shows that in order to develop smart textiles, elements of knowledge about the application part in the field are needed to create a model, to describe and propose how to obtain the information necessary to perform statistical analysis of data. The acquired results will serve in making feasible decisions of techno-medical-sanitation and sustainability through safety equipment. The experimental, scientific and practical contribution refers to the design of a model of “optimal sustainable techno-medical-sanitary equipment” by using smart textiles. With the help of this model, it is possible to resort to parametric iteration/reiteration, aiming at the achievement, the value and qualitative fulfilment imposed to a general objective function of sustainable techno-medical-sanitary when smart textiles are used. The developed model goes through further processing in “soft” information programming mode, and then, there will be the possibility and probability of its use as a calculation tool
Accidental spills of oil or other types of hydrocarbons represent a problem of utmost importance, but, in the situation where a multi-criteria approach to the phenomenon is desired, it is necessary a quickly intervention for mitigate the effects of their spread, and for isolation, collection, transportation and storeage for reprocessing. In case of oil recovering, trapped oil can be pumped out to holding tanks (shuttles) for transporting to shore. The functional characteristics required for naval transport are represented by the: operational in strong sea currents oil spill recovery (min. 4bf), transport and storage (at min. 2kt); rapid response in an emergency (possibility to be used in max. 1 h in conjunction with oil spill recovery equipment: vessel, booms, skimmers etc). Although it could be considered that the tear resistance on the longitudinal and transversal system for any composite structure including a textile matrix based on woven structure, could be influenced by the physical-mechanical characteristics of the textile reinforcement (the nature of the raw material and the diameter of the threads), in the situation of usage the flexible elements (narrow fabrics) to join the panels, the correlation between the above mentioned parameters could be made only by mathematical approaches. This assumption is based on the fact that in the textile field, the mechanism of deformation of threads and implicitly of planar structures is not fully explained (as in the field of constructions). The paper presents the analysis of the data collection, with the help of multiple regression, each of the 6 dependent variables (tear resistance values assessed according to three accredited methods in longitudinal and transversal systems) being modeled with the help of 5 independent variables (resistance to maximum force breaking strength, knot resistance, loop for two types of sewing thread and the breaking resistance of composite material fabrics). For the 3500 values obtained as a result of the experiments carried out, the initial hypotheses were related to: i) the experience matrix (u observations for q variables) is fixed, it is not stochastic, and the number of experiences is greater than the number of variables and ii ) the matrix of measured values for the independent variables has linearly independent columns, so it forms a basis of a q-dimensional space. The main problems followed were related to the model parameters, measurement errors, adjustment precision and the choice of the prediction model. The built probabilistic models explain between 55-80% of the variation of the dependent variable, so it would be indicated to introduce additional variables (e.g. for composite material with 45/55% PES/p-aramida matrix) of the type: pattern of the fabric, yarn density in warp and weft, coating thickness. Additionally, the values obtained for the t test identified the importance of the predictors placed in the multivariate regression equations.
The theoretical model of perfect business competition is designed based on five assumptions: atomicity of demand and supply, homogeneity of the product, free entry/exit in/from a branch of activity or on/from the market, market transparency, (with the fundamental assumption of the individual's rationality) and perfect mobility of production factors [1], [2]. The factorial analysis carried out for an economic agent from an Eastern European country highlighted the fact that the production function is homogeneous. For taking or not the decision to launch new products on the market with strict use in a dynamic environment (e.g. breaking strength greater than 200 daN/5cm), salinity of 0.5 - 20�, with specific density, taking into account the existence of decision alternatives, uncontrollable future events (economic conditions, geopolitical instability, etc.). The numerical application, carried out, evidenced that the economic agent will launch the product on the market, regardless of whether or not there are competitors on the market, but 1 m2 of composite material will be sold at an average price, in the situation where there is competition on the market. In the situation where there is no competition, will sell 1m2 at the highest estimated production price [3].
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