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The agricultural sector is a source of greenhouse gas emissions that directly affect the global problem of climate change and contribute approximately 11% in total greenhouse gas emissions in the world and in Croatia too. Irregular and irresponsible agricultural practices, such as excessive tillage and improper fertilization often lead to soil carbon loss and increased carbon dioxide emissions to the atmosphere. This field study provides results how agricultural practices affect carbon dioxide emissions from soil, carbon sequestration and soil quality during the cultivation of winter wheat. The field experiment was conducted in a temperate continental climate on distric Stagnosol. Four investigated treatments were: organic fertilization, mineral fertilization, control treatment and black fallow. The lowest carbon dioxide emission was recorded on bare soil and the highest on organic fertilization treatment. The application of manure, mineral fertilizers and calcification rendered significant effect on some soil chemical characteristics and daily carbon dioxide flux.

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The main aim of this study was to assess genetic diversity within the natural populations of field pea rhizobia on different field sites in Northwestern Croatia and to evaluate their symbiotic efficiency. Identification of related bacterial strains was carried out using RAPD and rep-PCR methods and on the basis of differences in the nodulation nodD gene region by PCR-RFLP method. Indigenous strains have been shown to differ significantly from each other as well as from the reference strains Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae used in these study. Based on the nodulation genes, it was found that most isolates have the same or very similar nodulation nodD region except the isolates K22 and K23. A greenhouse studie was performed for evaluation of symbiotic efficiency of strains. The highest nodule dry weight was determined by inoculation with strains K23, K22, K17 and K20, indicating their high infectivity and nodulation ability. Significantly higher green mass and dry matter yield in abouveground plant parts were determined by inoculation with two indigenous strains K26 and K16 that showed potentially high symbiotic efficiency compared to other tested strains.