We propose here a project to study the complex phenomenon of groundwater pollution with nitrogen compounds. It is an attempt to answer the following basic questions: having found the quantity of rain or irrigation, and the quantity of fertilizer, how much will these damage the layer of drinkable water? Which is the best solution to minimize the damage? Our proposal is based on our earlier work, which treated the fluid flow through the first layer of unsaturated soil. Our main goal is to extend the model to include what happens in soil lower levels and how the influence of groundwater hydrodynamics can be taken into account. The nitrogen compound transformations take a key role in our study, which is multidisciplinary (fluid mechanics, chemistry, agriculture studies engineering). The soil pollution study implies the computation of the pollutant concentration through the soil profile. The mathematical models achieve the integration of equations describing the water movement and the pollutant concentrations. We have calibrated the hydraulic model using experimental data.
Ground water is an important source of clean water supply throughout the world. A growing literature on the management of groundwater which takes into account the interaction of groundwater with surface water resupply sources (e.g., streams or lakes) is driven by concerns of intensified global fresh-water use coupled with increasing industrial and agricultural pollution levels. Our joint laboratory and numerical experiments simulate water withdrawals via two pumping wells from an unconfined aquifer bounded by two surface water bodies (streams or lakes). The water table position in the experimental setup was visualized by eight piezometers and numerically computed using VISUAL MODFLOW PRO, for different pumping regimes and initial hydraulic slopes. We also analyze numerically pollutant transport from the aquifer's boundaries toward the pumping wells. We show that it is possible to minimize pollution in the wells downstream of a polluted lake by managing the relative pumping rates in the two wells and the overall water table slope in the aquifer. The goal of our research is to (a) observe the physical processes involved in water and conservative tracer flow in an aquifer system surrounded by two lakes (b) develop a joint laboratorynumerical modeling teaching tool for future research and classroom use and (c) provide a simple tool that can be further developed to assist in management decisions regarding water-flow and pollution levels in aquifers.
Hydropeaking is due to the intermittent operation of peak hydropower plants and leads to various and complex problems downstream. A solution to solve part of them is to provide the development scheme with a retention basin downstream the hydropower plant (HPP). The water used intermittently during the day / week to produce electricity at peak load, which leads to sudden variation of flows into the riverbed will be regulated in this reservoir. Irrespective of the program that the HPP has during the day, the retention basin gathers the water and evacuates it downstream as much as possible constantly during the day or, at least, attenuates the sudden variation, increase or decrease, of levels downstream. Thus, the maximum flows evacuated by the HPP can be dramatically reduced as well as the flow fluctuations and the river levels accordingly. If the flow downstream the retention basin is almost constant during the day and it is released through a small hydropower plant, the positive effect of this reservoir on hydropeaking is combined with the production of green electricity. The subject of this paper is to roughly analyse the possibility to build a retention basin downstream Golesti HPP by means of weir and contour dams, if the case may be, and to release the water constantly or with smooth fluctuations, via one or two turbines, a small hydropower plant, producing green electricity without further harming the riverbed and the ecosystem downstream the weir.
It is important to know the structure of electricity production of a country and to establish the place of each source within the total energy mix. The aim of this paper is to analyze statistically the percentage of the hydropower production related to the total electrical energy produced in Romania. The time series data analysis was done to determine the trends of average and standard deviation of hydro energy data produced in Romania over eleven years' period (2006-2016).
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