Image segmentation applied to medical image analysis is still a critical and important task. Although there exist several segmentation algorithms that have been widely studied in literature, these are subject to segmentation problems such as over- and under-segmentation as well as non-closed edges. In this paper, a simple method that combines well-known segmentation algorithms is presented. This method is applied to detect acid-fast bacilli (AFB) in bacilloscopies used to diagnose pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). This diagnosis can be performed through different tests, and the most used worldwide is smear microscopy because of its low cost and effectiveness. This diagnosis technique is based on the analysis and counting of the bacilli in the bacilloscopy observed under an optical microscope. The proposed method is used to segment the bacilli in digital images from bacilloscopies processed using Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) staining. The proposed method is fast, has a low computational cost and good efficiency compared to other methods. The bacilli image segmentation is performed by image processing and analysis techniques, probability concepts and classifiers. In this work, a Bayesian classifier based on a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) is used. The segmentations' results are validated by using the Jaccard index, which indicates the efficiency of the classifier.
In this research work two multi-terminal HVDC topologies connecting large-scale wind farms to the grid are investigated. Such topologies are a two single-input single-output HVDC corridors and a double-input single-output double HVDC corridor. The first topology collects power generated from widely sparse wind farm sites, whilst the second topology is intended to efficiently interconnect nearby wind farms.The simulations results presented in this paper are building blocks towards the development of platforms helpful in the design and testing of new control strategies for operating multiple interconnected HVDC (High Voltage Direct Current) corridors. The performance of each topology is clearly presented throughout various study cases. The modeling and simulation have been carried out using Matlab/Simulink. Index Terms-DC corridor, Multiterminal High Voltage DC, Voltage Source Converter (VSC), Wind Farms corridors both connected at the output end to a single HVDC dual input station which involves the use of a single converter station but with double installation capacity. The first topology collects power generated from widely sparse wind farm sites, whilst the second topology is intended to efficiently interconnect nearby wind farms. Fig. 1a and 1b illustrates the topologies under investigation. More than a quantitative analysis the research work on this paper starts focusing on a qualitative analysis of the behavior of each multiterminal topology in order to determine the general performance of topologies and identify the critical aspects on the proposed systems that could clear out the key underlying parameters governing the operation of the DC multiterminal networks and the needs on control. As final part, the pros and cons of the two topologies considered in this investigation are discussed. WGSl AC Fig. la. General Layout Study Case SISOC-HVDC Topology 1 Fig. 1b General Layout Study Case DISOC-HVDC Topology 2 WGSĨ~~= . .~WGS2 S.
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