Developmental dyslexia is a heterogeneous condition entailing problems with reading and spelling. Several genes have been linked or associated to the disease, many of which contribute to the development and function of brain areas important for auditory and phonological processing. Nonetheless, a clear link between genes, the brain, and the symptoms of dyslexia is still pending. The goal of this paper is contributing to bridge this gap. With this aim, we have focused on how the dyslexic brain fails to process speech sounds and reading cues. We have adopted an oscillatory perspective, according to which dyslexia may result from a deficient integration of different brain rhythms during reading/spellings tasks. Moreover, we show that some candidate genes for this condition are related to brain rhythms. This fresh approach is expected to provide a better understanding of the aetiology and the clinical presentation of developmental dyslexia, but also to achieve an earlier and more accurate diagnosis of the disease.
Developmental dyslexia is a heterogeneous condition entailing problems with reading and spelling. Several genes have been linked or associated to the disease, many of which contribute to the development and function of brain areas that are important for auditory and phonological processing. Nonetheless, a clear link between genes, the brain, and the symptoms of dyslexia is still pending. The goal of this paper is contributing to bridge this gap. With this aim, we have focused on how the dyslexic brain fails to process speech sounds and reading cues. We have adopted an oscillatory perspective, according to which dyslexia results from a deficient integration of different brain rhythms during reading/spellings tasks. Moreover, we show that some candidates for this condition are related to brain rhythms. This approach should help gain a better understanding of the aetiology and the clinical presentation of developmental dyslexia, but also achieve an earlier and more accurate diagnosis of the disease.
Esta revisión recoge 69 estudios sociofonéticos sobre el habla con pluma masculina para poner en perspectiva qué parámetros acústicos caracterizan tanto a los hablantes homosexuales como a aquellos que, independientemente de su orientación sexual, son percibidos como hablantes con pluma. La muestra de estudios seleccionada recoge un total de 13 lenguas, algunas con un gran número de variedades dialectales, como es el caso del inglés o del español. En muchas de estas lenguas se han hallado diferencias significativas en la producción o percepción del habla gay para la frecuencia fundamental, para F1 y F2 de algunas vocales, y para las características espectrales y la duración de algunas fricativas sibilantes. No obstante, la disparidad de resultados no permite identificar un conjunto claro de parámetros asociados al habla con pluma. Los rasgos que caracterizan el habla con pluma en una determinada comunidad de habla pueden no coincidir con los de otra, puesto que la forma en que se construye socialmente la identidad gay varía en cada lugar. Finalmente, se propone analizar el habla con pluma desde una perspectiva multimodal en variedades concretas de diferentes lenguas, entre ellas el español, para minimizar la disparidad de resultados y reflejar más fielmente las interacciones comunicativas cotidianas.
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