The level of satisfaction and quality of life obtained were comparable with reported standards; and the residual symptoms after antireflux surgery were easily controlled.
The accurate estimation of flood risk depends on, among other factors, a correct delineation of the floodable area and its associated hydrodynamic parameters. This characterization becomes fundamental in the flood hazard analyses that are carried out in urban areas. To achieve this objective, it is necessary to have a correct characterization of the topography, both inside the riverbed (bathymetry) and outside it. Outside the riverbed, the LiDAR data led to an important improvement, but not so inside the riverbed. To overcome these deficiencies, different models with simplified bathymetry or modified inflow hydrographs were used. Here, we present a model that is based upon the calibration of the Manning’s n value inside the riverbed. The use of abnormally low Manning’s n values made it possible to reproduce both the extent of the flooded area and the flow depth value within it (outside the riverbed) in an acceptable manner. The reduction in the average error in the flow depth value from 50–75 cm (models without bathymetry and “natural” Manning’s n values) to only about 10 cm (models without bathymetry and “calibrated” Manning’s n values), was propagated towards a reduction in the estimation of direct flood damage, which fell from 25–30% to about 5%.
This work is focused on the Almonte‐Marismas aquifer located within Doñana Natural Space (SW Spain); this aquifer is threatened by droughts, irrigation‐driven groundwater overexploitation, urban use, and the potential reactivation of gas extraction and storage projects. We present ground deformation measurements from Sentinel‐1 Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) data ranging from 1‐2.5 cm, covering ∼2,500 km2 from 2014‐2020. Detecting spatially distributed ground deformation over this agricultural area is challenging due to the low‐coherence radar signals; consequently, the ground movement results are on the same order of magnitude as the errors associated with InSAR data. We have approached this issue by considering auxiliary information such as groundwater levels, climatic time series, and pumping rates and analyzing their spatio‐temporal connections to ground displacements. We correlate InSAR and hydrogeological information through wavelet analysis, developing a Python package that allows applying the same methodology in other similar study areas. For the first time in the Doñana area, a significant relationship between distances to pumping wells and the displacement extent is detected. Moreover, other subsidence‐related triggering factors are identified, such as the soil moisture balance, clay shrinking‐swelling processes, and creep of geological formations. These results are highly valuable to support aquifer management decisions in the Doñana Natural Space; in this border region, three groundwater bodies were officially declared overexploited in 2020. Our findings provide a ground motion baseline assessment to help differentiate historical variations from any future anthropogenic effect in this complex marsh land ecosystem.
<p>The bathymetry of the riverbed is essential in flood risk assessment at large rivers, and yet its acquisition is a slow process and endowed with a high budget economic. Moreover, recent research works have shown the importance of improving the geometrical characterization inside the riverbed, which is an issue due to the inability of light to penetrate water bodies. So, most of LiDAR techniques allow us for high resolution surface topography data but not for water occupied river channels. This, apart from making these jobs more difficult, sometimes generates the renouncement of it, using the topography of the water sheet as a riverbed, or the simplification of river channel configuration (trapezoidal transversal sections) which frequently generate an overestimation of flood zones. To overcome these deficiencies, a novel methodological approach has been developed to simulate this bathymetry using simplified models. The proposed approach is based upon the calibration of the flow roughness parameters (Manning&#180;s n value) inside the riverbed. The use of abnormally low Manning&#180;s n values has made it possible to reproduce both the extent of the flooded area and the water depth value within it in an acceptable manner: first results from hydrodynamic modelling of 500-year return period peak flow show the reduction of the water depth average error from 50-75 cm to only about 10 cm; and a direct economic flood damage differences reduction from 25-30% to values of about 5%.</p><p>The present work proposes to go further with these investigations and perform a robust geostatistical analysis of hydrodynamic modelling outputs obtained with modified Manning&#8217;s n values. The methodology scheme is to characterize the spatial distribution of the results and its spatial correlation with other variables, as the distance to the riverbank or flow rates (for different return periods), through variogram models. This quantitative statistical description of the floodable areas, depending on the Manning&#8217;s n value model used and the return period considered, could be used to perform geostatistical simulations that allow to quantify the spatial uncertainties associated to the studied models; as well as to calibrate the optimal spatial distribution of modified Manning&#8217;s n values inside the riverbed. These findings will be analysed as guidelines to construct more robust and reliable flood risk estimations; and can be applied to many other study cases around the world, saving analysis time and execution costs, but without losing its scientific rigour.</p>
Background: Today, antireflux surgery has an established position in the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Some case series have shown good short-term results, but there is still little information regarding long-term results. Studies have recently focused on evaluating residual symptomatology and its impact on quality of life. Objectives: To determine the postoperative quality of life and degree of satisfaction in patients that underwent laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication. Patients and methods: A total of 100 patients (59 women and 41 men) were studied after having undergone laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication. The variables analyzed were level of satisfaction, gastrointestinal quality of life index (GIQLI), residual symptoms, and the Visick scale. Results: No variation was found in relation to sex; 49 men and 51 women participated in the study. The mean age was 49 years. The degree of satisfaction encountered was: satisfactory in 81 patients, moderate in 3, and bad in 2 patients. More than 90% of the patients would undergo the surgery again or recommend it. The Carlsson score showed improvement at the end of the study (p < 0.05). In relation to the GIQLI, a median of 100.61 points ± 21.624 was obtained. Abdominal bloating, regurgitation, and early satiety were the most frequent residual symptoms. The effect on lifestyle measured by the Visick scale was excellent.Calidad de vida y grado de satisfacción de pacientes postoperados de funduplicatura de Nissen laparoscópica ResumenAntecedentes: La cirugía antirreflujo tiene actualmente un lugar establecido en el manejo de la enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico. Algunas series han revelado buenos resultados a corto plazo, pero los resultados a largo plazo permanecen aún poco conocidos. Recientemente, los estudios se han centrado en evaluar la sintomatología residual y su impacto en la calidad de vida. Objetivo: Determinar la calidad de vida en el postoperatorio y la satisfacción en pacientes intervenidos de funduplicatura de Nissen laparoscópica. Pacientes y métodos: Se estudió a 100 pacientes (59 mujeres y 41 hombres) postoperados de funduplicatura de Nissen laparoscópica. Las variables fueron grado de satisfacción, calidad de vida (GIQLI), síntomas residuales y escala Visick. Resultados: No se encontró variación en el sexo, siendo 49 hombres y 51 mujeres; el promedio de edad fue de 49 años. La valoración del grado de satisfacción fue: satisfactoria en 81 pacientes, moderada en 3 y mala en 2 pacientes. Más del 90% se sometería de nuevo o recomendaría la cirugía. En cuanto a la clasificación de Carlsson, se mostró mejoría al final del estudio (p < 0.05). De acuerdo con el cuestionario GIQLI, se obtuvo una mediana de 100.61 puntos ± 21.624. Distensión abdominal, regurgitación y saciedad temprana fueron los síntomas residuales más frecuentes. La repercusión en el estilo de vida mediante escala de Visick fue excelente. Conclusiones: El grado de satisfacción y la calidad de vida obtenidos son comparables con estándares reportados y los síntomas residuales s...
El agua subterránea es uno de los recursos hídricos más importantes en el territorio español. La gran cantidad de aguaque se retira de ellos puede tener graves consecuencias, entre las que destaca, en algunos acuíferos, la subsidencia delterreno. La técnica de interferometría radar (InSAR), ha sido desarrollada en las últimas décadas para detectar ymonitorear las deformaciones relacionadas con los acuíferos. En este trabajo se estudia la posible relación existente entrela variación de los niveles piezométricos y el movimiento del terreno en zonas con grandes extracciones del acuíferoAlmonte-Marismas (sobre el que se ubica el Espacio Natural de Doñana). Para ello, se han analizado los datos dedeformación del terreno obtenidos del satélite Sentinel-1 en el periodo 2014-2020 Los resultados muestran que, en algunade estas zonas, como las cercanas a las poblaciones de El Rocío y Matalascañas, la correlación entre ambas variableses alta.
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