Los abonos orgánicos son una alternativa sostenible con el agroecosistema frente a los fertilizantes convencionales causantes de la contaminación de los recursos naturales. El objetivo fue determinar la eficacia de los microorganismos eficientes nativos (MEN) y de compost sobre el rendimiento y rentabilidad en el cultivo de quinua variedad INIA 415-Pasankalla en tres pisos altitudinales (Faical 1935 m de altitud, Lagunas Amarillas 2328 m de altitud. y Cascapampa 2995 m de altitud). Se evaluaron cinco tratamientos: T0 (testigo), T1 (MEN 2.5%), T2 (MEN 5.0%), T3 (MEN 2.5%+0.9 kg compost m-1) y T4 (MEN 5.0%+1.8 kg compost m-1), evaluando: AP (altura de planta), RHa (rendimiento hectárea-1), RPa (rendimiento planta-1), PP (peso de panoja), PMG (peso de mil granos) y DT (diámetro de tallo). Además, se analizó el beneficio/costo por tratamiento. Se realizó un análisis de componentes principales ACP, una comparación triple de ANOVA y un análisis de correlación. Con el ACP se obtuvo dos componentes (C1 y C2) explicando el 97.20% de la variabilidad del estudio. El Componente 1 (78.46%) explica la mayor variabilidad y agrupó variables: G-I (AP, DT), G-II (RHa, Rpa, PP). Los tratamientos T4 y T3 presentaron los mejores resultados en relación a la altitud: Lagunas Amarillas-T4 con G-I y Cascapampa-T4 con G-II presentaron los mayores valores del estudio. No obstante, Cascapampa-T2 fue el más rentable (b/c= 5.68). La mezcla combinada de los insumos orgánicos elaborados a partir de materias primas locales y aplicados en forma foliar y suelos presentes en T4, mejoró los rendimientos y la rentabilidad del cultivo de quinua en relación a la altitud.
<p><strong>Background: </strong>Peru has become the leading exporter of table grapes focusing its production in the Piura and Ica regions. However, most of the young vineyards (<5 years) in the Piura region have been showing symptoms of Petri's disease. <strong>Objective</strong>: To isolate, identify and pathogenicity evaluation of fungi associated with Petri disease. <strong>Methodology:</strong> Isolates were obtained from necrotic streaks in vascular bundles in plants with symptoms of the Petri disease. Identification was performed with the keys proposed by Mostert, by means of macro and microscopic observations. Pathogenicity tests were also performed by measuring the advancement of the length of the necrotic streak (LNE). <strong>Results:</strong> By their cultural and microscopic characteristics, the following were identified: <em>Phaeoacremonium</em> spp, <em>P. krajdenii</em>, <em>P. inflatipes</em>, <em>P. parasiticum</em> and <em>Phaeomoniella chlamydospora</em>. All the selected isolates were pathogenic in pathogenicity tests 75 days post inoculation (DPI), being the <em>Phaeoacremonium</em> species the ones that presented higher LNE compared to <em>Pa. chlamydospora</em>, which demonstrates their capacity for colonization of vascular bundles and wood degradation. <strong>Implications:</strong> The pathogens Phaeoacremonium spp, <em>P. krajdenii</em>, <em>P. inflatipes</em>, <em>P. parasiticum</em> and <em>Phaeomoniella chlamydospora</em> are related to Petri's disease in the Piura-Peru region. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> <em>Phaeoacremonium</em> species showed higher pathogenicity than <em>Pa. chlamydospora</em> 75 DPI. Also, <em>P. inflatipes</em> was morphologically identified in the Piura region requiring molecular identification for corroboration.</p>
The banana Musaspp. (Musaceae) is a tropical perennial crop of major consumption in the world, the main producing regions are; Asia (54.1%), America (25.5%), Africa (18.4%). In Peru, Piura accounts for 72% of the country's total volume of organic banana exports. In recent years in Peru and in other producing areas of the world, symptoms of necrosis in the vascular bundles of the pseudostem have been occurring, causing the early death of plants in production. The objective of this study was to identify the main fungal pathogens associated with vascular necrosis of banana. The fungi isolated from the pseudostem, rhizome and roots were identified using taxonomic keys. The external symptoms of the disease were yellowing and necrosis of the leaves from the edge towards the midrib, collapse of the petiole and death of the plant. The internal symptoms were necrosis of the vascular bundles and internal necrotic lesions in the rhizome and roots. The fungal isolates were identified by their morphometric characteristics as Fusarium oxysporum, F.verticillioidesand F.solani. For the control of this disease, it is recommended to implement an integrated management plan.
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